globalisation in social work essay

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Globalization In Social Work

It also creates destructive economic and social environments for poor and marginalized people as mentioned by the IFSW (2012a). Social work as a profession tends to meet those people who are suffering the damaging effects of aspects of globalisation IFSW (2012b). The IFSW international Ethical Documents (1) for social work does also include the term „globalisation”. This document says:” Social workers recognise the benefits and disadvantages of globalisation for the most vulnerable people in the world. Our professional perspective focuses especially on how the economic and environmental consequences affect social relationships and individual opportunity” (IFSW, 2012b). In this case social work as a profession approaches globalisation from …show more content…

Local practices – Indigenisation All over the world do people eat „Big Mac´s”, drink „Coca Cola”, they are watching MTV and wearing jeans. In this context it doesn´t matter if they live in the United States or in a less developed area such in some parts of Africa or Asia. This phenomenon can be explained as „cultural globalisation”. In this case cultural variety disappears and once cultural independent communities were inundated from worldwide available goods and media as published by Breidenbach and Zukrigl (2002). In this part I want to introduce the empowering practice „Indigenisation”. It is a practice in social work that has spread globally. „Indigenisation strongly resists injustice, denial of human rights, and disparagement of local cultures, customs, languages and communities by reclaiming past traditions and affirming the dynamic creation of new forms under the control of indigenous peoples” (Dominelli, 2012, p.46). Following examples show how various its local expressions …show more content…

In this case it is the job of us all to create a „fair” globalisation. Every single person on our planet should get the chance to benefit from the advantages of globalisation. In my opinion as a future international social worker we should seek a process which is fair and which gives all men, women and children the opportunities, rights and capabilities they need for a decent life. We should also seek respect for their dignity and cultural identity. In a globalising world (international) social work has to face opportunities and challenges in improvement environmental security and human well-being. In my opinion, especially we the people from the western countries should assume more responsibility to other people especially to those in poor countries. It is our own decision and responsibility where we buy our clothes. Do we really have to buy in stores like H&M or Primark, just because it is cheap? Do we really have to support such large global companies which only pay the absolutely minimum to their workers (cheap labour) at their factories? In this case we have to think about our own consumption. We must take more responsibility towards our environment and especially towards our fellow human beings and our society! In my opinion it is also one of the most important tasks of a social worker to face inequalities. Inequalities between men and women and also between rich and poor

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Nasw Code Of Ethics Case Study

It is the job of social workers to challenge these policies on a continuous basis. Every possible action should be taken to improve policy whenever applicable. Responsibilities of social workers to the broader society are covered in section six. 6.04 Social and Political Action are most relevant with this case. Section (b) explains that special attention should be given to people that are vulnerable, disadvantaged, oppressed or exploited.

The Herman Case

Social workers have several responsibilities. They have to provide service, justice, and dignity to a client. They have to possess integrity, competence, and patience. Social workers need to possess knowledge of human rights, and how to perform scientific inquiry. Social workers occasionally have cases in which problems ensue and a solution is not found within a certain time frame.

Social Work And Social Reform Abramowitz Analysis

Many social workers went from working in private agencies, to working with public agencies to help the people suffering from poverty. “1000 social workers took jobs in public sectors, they fought to train caseworkers and otherwise improve the public sector service”(Abramowitz, 1998, p.513.) Social workers as a change agent, aim to make a change and in this case, social workers were helping the people suffering from poverty. These challenges facilitate social workers to have an impact towards the people. This can also relate to person in environment, “Social workers realize that they must pay attention to the environment in which people live, and they work to change the environment so that if functions more effectively for individuals, families, and communities”(Segal, Gerdes, Steiner, 2014, p.7).

Empowerment Theory In Social Work

Modern social workers are frequently tasked with certain objectives by their agencies, which leave little room for any work beyond specific treatments and timeframes (Gitterman & Knight, 2016). Although social workers are bound to the set of ethics put forth by the NASW, practitioners are often limited to focusing on the issues of the individual rather than the larger societal issues that may be behind those concerns. Additionally, many social work students end up working in direct practice, rather than macro work. There is a need for social workers to engage at the macro level in order to facilitate community organization and empowerment. Critics suggest this theory may not take into account the unique experiences of each individual and perhaps key characteristics of the individual or group are not taken into consideration (Sadan, 1997).

Letter Of Intent For Social Work Research Paper

They also assume responsibility for the development, implementation, and management of social services that they provide. The social work profession employs the world with skilled workers that use the tools and resources available to them to advance the lives of others. Individuals in this career field are capable of ethical decision making and are advocates for positive social change for the oppressed

Immigrant Care Workers

It is interesting to note the role of government policies in shaping the economy and the flow of labor migrants, particularly immigrant care workers. Care Work or commonly known as ‘domestic or household work’ has in the past decades became more international, transcending borders and nations, with the expansion of globalization and neoliberal economic policies, often dictated by major players of economies like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, which is undeniably controlled by developed nations. The beneficiaries are often the wealthier developed nations. In the article, ‘The Globalization of care work: Neoliberal economic restructuring and migration policy’ the writers reaffirm the prominence of political, historical and economic

Person In-Environment Framework

The direction of this relationship is client-led while the social worker engages in continual assessment of his or her own cultural values, norms, beliefs as well as privilege and power to ensure minimal imposition of such things in their work with Izzie and her

Ecosystem Framework In Social Work

Much of this paradigm dates back to the work of social work theoretician and practitioner William Gordon. Gordon was instrumental in conceptualizing the framework that the understanding and practice social work involved not only internal matters of the respective minds and environments but of their interactions and relationships as well (Heinonen & Spearman, 2001). The ‘ecosystems framework’ is complemented by concepts supported in ‘systems theory’ and ‘ecology’. ‘Systems theory’ stresses the effects of interacting elements where multiple elements are themselves whole, interact and combine to form a whole, and have relationships with other wholes (Heinonen & Spearman, 2001). An open, interactive, system may receive nourishment and sustainability from within itself and from its relationships with others (Heinenon & Spearman, 2001).

Examples Of Ideology In Social Work

Correspondingly, it will guide me to provide my clients with the ability to make informed consent. Additionally, this value is important to my future practice because it ensures that I become an advocate for my clients in every capacity, including human rights. Lastly, as a social worker, I will ensure that I work towards my clients being free from violence and the threat of violence (Heinonen & Spearman, 2010, p. 34). Secondly, as a social worker it is necessary that my practice is guided by my value of providing a service to humanity.

Symbolic Interaction Theory In Social Work

INTRODUCTION This is a key framework of sociological theory. It depend on symbols and their meaning. The words we use to describe our behaviour and the behaviour of others is very important. To elaborate further and get into detail about this theory, firstly the theory and key terms have to be defined, secondly the major proponents and tenets, thirdly the history of the theory, fourthly the purpose of the theory, fifthly the significance of the theory for social work practice, followed by the epistemology, consistency with social work values and ethics, implication of the theory, position of the theory on the population served by the social worker, strength and weakness, relevance of Intersectionality, critical perspective on contemporary issues

Subsidiarity In Social Work Essay

It is not sufficient if the social worker apprehends that the person himself and his dignity are the main values. It is indispensable to engage to stimulate the security of human dignity and its maintenance. Correspondingly, the professional work of a social worker, his trust in the client and the appreciation of his efforts in the helping process can lead to a better quality of his

Importance Of Dignity In Social Work

Considering that, the situation is difficult, as the object of social help is personality that is understood as a unique and solid system which is dynamic in itself. So the social worker in the process of social help encounters himself with the challenge to help a person to primarily restore his worthiness which would let him to solve his problems and not, conversely, resign and live with them. Yet the social work actually still impresses with its aspirations more than with concrete and tangible achievements or prestige (Kavaliauskienė, 2005). The objective of a social worker is noble, but often he confronts himself with unsolvable tasks. This situation raises because of the twofold orientation of social work: on one hand, it is directed towards a person, but on the other hand, to the society; that is, the direction goes towards a whole and towards its part – the community and the individual – by trying to reach their interaction and consistency.

Importance Of Commitment To Social Work

As social work professionals, we have a commitment to advocate for our clients. Because of our advocacy commitment, we also should be committed to social justice. Change cannot happen overnight; however, it also cannot happen if people are not willing to speak up about the things they are passionate about. Additionally, social workers must ensure that they are empowering their clients. As social workers, we should be committed to using a person first approach.

Disadvantages Of Globalization In Russia

The idea of “Globalisation” has successfully brought people and nations of the world together by the increased of non-territorial social activities, the growing speed of transportations and communications, and the rise of cross-border interconnections. Globalisation is everywhere, it is a combination of environment, culture, society, politics and economy. Economic globalisation is one of the most influential aspects to globalisation in this modern society, which introduces free trade, marketisation, liberalisation and the movement of labour. However, local and international may share different economic views, as to contrast this, two same news items on August 20th, 2014 covered by The Moscow Times (Reuters 2014) as local perspective and The Wall Street Journal (Hansergard 2014) as international perspective, are being used for the study. European markets are affected by the conflict between Russia and the West over Ukraine, especially the beer industries are now further suffering low consumer spending in Russia since last year restriction on beer.

Impact Of Globalisation In The 20th Century

In the early 21st century, those living in the developed world encounter the effects of globalisation on a daily basis. On a most basic level, from the Internet to the food that is consumed, it is possible to instantly access a different part of the world. Globalisation has also affected lives in ways that are not instantly obvious – views, beliefs and attitudes shaped by globalisation have changed how the world is perceived. Globalisation is different in the 21st century to how it was in the 20th century, and though the most underlying difference is the rapid development of technology, there are subtle ways in which it has changed – and ways in which it has not changed at all.

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Impact Of Globalization On Social Work

Introduction Globalization has had a significant effect on social work practice, changing service delivery, and creating new social problems for practitioners to address. International events are affecting clients’ economic well-being. Migration is bringing more immigrants into the social service system. Social workers are obligated to uphold a core set of values of service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, and the importance of human relationships which are the foundation our Code of Ethics is built on. In this paper, I will be discussing the core concepts of social work, migration and its effects on social work practice, and how social work has global thinking at its core. Explanation of Concepts The primary goal of a social worker is to aid people in need and to address social problems. Social workers elevate service by incorporating their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need. Currently, President Trump is threatening to end the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). This program gives young, undocumented immigrants, known as dreamers, the opportunity to obtain a work permit and avoid deportation. The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance the human well-being of all people, help meet basic needs and empower individuals. President Trump is …show more content…

Social workers engage people as partners in the helping process and seek to strengthen relationships among people in a purposeful effort to promote, restore, maintain, and enhance the well-being of individuals, families, social groups, organizations, and communities. Creating healing and relief spaces for DACA recipients through support groups in their community is essential to promoting community health. Support groups are a great way to stretch services and it promotes shared learning among

In this essay, the author

Explains that globalization has had a significant effect on social work practice, changing service delivery, and creating new social problems for practitioners to address.
Explains that social workers elevate service by incorporating their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need. president trump is threatening to end the deferred action for childhood arrivals (daca).
Explains that social workers challenge social injustice by pursuing social change on behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people.
Explains that immigrants are one of the most oppressed and marginalized groups due to structural disadvantages perpetuated by an immigration system that lacks an understanding of global politics compelling migration patterns and fails to recognize the basic human rights of those not born in the us.
Opines that social workers show the dignity and worth of the person by treating each person in a caring and respectful fashion, mindful of individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity.
Opines that social workers are inundated with mixed messages about immigration. the increasing laws and restrictions targeting non-documented immigrants may leave them stuck between the values of the profession, personal values, and federal laws.
Explains that social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships by understanding that relationships between and among people are important for change. they create healing and relief spaces for daca recipients through support groups in their community.
Explains globalization and its implications for social work practice, such as migration of refugees from war-torn and poverty-stricken countries.
Opines that a social worker's imperative with immigrant clients is to connect them with the services and programs available to best meet their needs.

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Analysis Of The Social Work Reinvestment Act

The social safety net has grown to include and protect a diverse group of people of all ages. Social workers have become vital to older persons who need long term care, persons struggling with addictions, and communities that are devastated by natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and violent tragedies

Values and Ethics in Social Work, Cultural Competency

In the National Association for Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics, there are many standards a social worker should uphold in order to promote a healthy and helpful relationship with the client. One such aptitude is Cultural Competence and Social Diversity, which is in section 1.05 of the NASW code of ethics (National Association of Social Workers, 2008). There are three sections associated with this competency “Social workers should understand culture and its function in human behavior and society, recognizing the strengths in all cultures”. It is assumed that “social workers should have a knowledge base of their clients’ cultures and be able to demonstrate competence in the provision of services that are sensitive to clients”. As a final point “Social workers should obtain education” in order to understand cultural diversity and oppression in people (NASW, 2008, p. 9).

The data provides culturally competent guidelines for social workers. The social worker must understand and appreciate diversity among and within cultures. They should be aware of the history, culture, and contemporary realities. They also must have good skills in patience, listening, and tolerance of silence. A social worker needs to be aware of their own biases and need for wellness and display humility and a willingness to learn. They need to be respectful, nonjudgemental, and openminded. However, researchers must find a way to measure cultural competence with studies that examine beliefs and evaluate actions of social workers. It should include several cultural groups.This will be highly important in building a knowledge base. Doing these studies there can be a better plan to include cultural competence and serve clients from different backgrounds a lot better.

What Is Cultural Competency In A Community Essay

Every person has grown up with a slightly different culture and experience due to differences in social location. As social workers, although we may try to convince others and ourselves that we are able to objectively look beyond differences, we are all human who also differ in our experiences. This is why it is important to be able to recognize and embrace differences in culture so that we can effectively help our participants, who are often people who face oppression and marginalization. As such, this paper will explain my knowledge and experiences with a group who has faced the aforementioned adversities and how I intend to be culturally competent when working with this group.

The Impact Of Social Work

Working as a social worker although challenging, is a rewarding career. Social workers assist people and families to cope with problems they are facing in their lives. To understand more about social workers, I caught up with Margaret Jones, who is on a charitable mission in the country. Margaret, as she prefers to be called, was born in Haiti but after the devastating earthquake, which saw her lose four close relatives, decided to relocate to the United Kingdom where she got her current job.

Hispanic Culture Essay

As a social worker, the ability to merge cultural competencies with social work methods and theories allows intervention to be customized to meet their client’s need-based which vary upon culture. Since there are a massive amount of different cultures with different traditions, values, and beliefs the social worker needs to obtain the fundamentals of the culture in order to assess and advocate for the ethnic group effectively. The NASW of Ethics clearly values the competence and the Ethical Principle of Social workers practice within the areas of competence and enhances their professional expertise. In addition, “ Cultural competence is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system or agency or among professionals and enable the system, agency, or professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations” (NASW, 2000b, p. 61). Cultural competency ensures that our primary mission of the social work profession to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty.

Social Work Case Study

The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people. Particular attention is paid to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. Social work is a profession based on enhancing the capacity of people to participate in society and enhancing the capacity of society to include all people in it. Social workers address problems related to social, political, and economic

Social Work Personal Statement Essay

Social work as a profession strives to help the welfare of those within the community whether its persons or families through advocacy. Often times clients are those who may be vulnerable and disadvantaged. Social workers aim to help people fulfill basic needs in their everyday lives and assist them by providing beneficial resources and intervention counseling. They do more than just help them in their current situation, it’s about helping them to survive and set attainable goals to live a fuller and better life for themselves, and most time for their families.

Cultural Sensitivity in Social Work

This study is expected to provide social workers with information by examining what social workers do post-graduation to help them remain culturally competent. Social workers will be in a position where they can understand barriers/obstacles that make it difficult to engage in the professional development regarding this topic.

Social Work

I would to begin this paper with an authentic definition of the Social Work field. Social work practices involves facilitating change—in other words, working with others, not doing something to them or for them(Dubois). Most people and social workers would always use the world ‘help’ in some way or form when defining social workers. Which is true but the confusion come in when asked where they work, who they assist and how they differ from other helping professions. Social workers can be sustain abuse therapists, child welfare specialists, and school social workers. We are not limited to just the department of social services. They can work in nursing homes, hospitals, and even in legislation.

The Effects of Globalization on Social Work Practices

Globalisation is a broad term that is often defined in economic factors alone. The Dictionary at merriam-webster.com describes globalisation as “the process of enabling financial markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communication.” Also due to deregulation on the financial market, multi-national companies are free to trade and move their businesses to areas where a higher return or profit can be achieved. New technology also enables companies to relocate to areas where labour costs are lower, for instance movement of call centre jobs from the UK to India.

Essay On Social Work

The social work profession is defined as “a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people (ISFW, ‘Global Definition of Social Work’, 2016).” The definition may be true about the profession but it is more in depth than just that. To me, the profession’s primary focus is to help others through life as much as we can while letting them make their own choices and guiding them. In society, social workers are utilized in many different nonprofit and government roles. They serve the community in many different ways from monitoring parent visits to helping people through mental illnesses. Human beings are so complex and things that happen

Social Change In Social Work

The work of a social worker is complex and all encompassing. Social workers work in many capacities seeking justice, liberation, and equality. There work is global, as they work to put policies in place to govern practices. To keep up with societal shifts and generational changes there learning is continuous. As new questions rise so does the need for the continuation of research, not only to answer these questions but to implement into

Reflection Paper On Social Work

families, and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social workers are change agents and because of that, they aim to help people develop their skills and abilities to use resources provided to them to strengthen and improve their lives and communities to resolve problems. One of the main goal of social workers is to improve the well-being and lives of the most vulnerable populations, fight against poverty, unemployment, domestic violence and the underserviced population by emphasizing on the person-in-environment and social justice model. The social work profession, considerers the individuals’ internal and external struggles, while working with the individuals to examine their relationships, family, work environment, community, and other things that might impact them and identify ways to help address problems and challenges.

Importance of Social Work

Social work is a profession which promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and enhance well-being. It is important to acknowledge the history of social work and the purpose of social work and why it exists. Social work is a questioned theory with different perspectives on what it is and how it should be practised. Social work helps people to deal with personal and social problems so that people can overcome or adjust to any personal difficulties. Social work is a combination of social stability and social change. Social stability promotes individual and social welfare and social change seek to change negative aspects of society. Values are implicit within the law and policy and these tend to reflect the values within society. Personal values can influence the way social workers interpret and implement their profession.

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Globalization and Social Work

What is globalization (#1), the myth of globalization (#6), globalization success (#3), globalization failings (#4), civil society (#10), think globally, act locally (#11).

Globalization affects nations all over the world and is currently one of the most talked about concepts regarding the future of the economy. Globalization is a blanketed term that encompasses the integration of economies in several different ways. One such way is the incorporation of like ideologies across a massive span of consumers. To get these messages across to the intended population, as well as produce the means to effectively become a global concept, many societies must significantly alter their previous way of living to accommodate the changes globalization brings. These changes affect the indigenous populations of these regions in both positive and negative ways. When disparity arises, it is the economical defects globalization has on the indigenous population that is highlighted most. This is where social workers find their services needed in international advocacy, policy change, and the advancement of social welfare. This paper will look at how globalization interferes with indigenous practices, and what roles social workers play in solving international crises arisen because of transnational interference.

Globalization is the idea that the many workings of a society such as business concepts, governments, trends, etc. should be integrated into other cultures and populations on a global scale (DiNitto & Johnson, 2016). The reasons for transcending these concepts internationally vary between economical gain and the promotion of human advancement. The concept of globalization takes on several meanings as its definition depends on the perspective. From an economic standpoint, globalization is the transference of production processes from one industrialized country to another. It is also seen as the liberation of international finance systems and is attributed to cost reductions of transportation and communications (Lyons, 2006). Other perspectives have focused on the definition of globalization as being a broader term, encompassing a myriad of foreign influences that alter practices and extend relationships to other states and countries.

Globalization has extended an interconnectedness of goods to countries all over the world. Places like McDonalds were once small businesses that were only found in a few cities across the United States. Now there are thousands of McDonalds spread across hundreds of countries (Powell & Geoghegan, 2005). Where once it took companies decades to expand their business to other countries, the evolution of industry and technology has now allowed startup companies to expand businesses oversees within a short period of time. The same can be seen for the automotive industry and the spread of car ownership. Detroit used to be the capital of the automotive industry, but once vehicle production was moved oversees, cars became common commodities. Globalization is directly correlated with the expansion of well-known empires and continues to be an integral part of corporate expansion.

The most associated institutions of globalization are the World Bank, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The World Bank funds capital projects on an international level (Polack, 2004). This institution's main objective is to promote development in underdeveloped countries. The World Bank typically funds projects by lending money to the political elites of these countries, as it strongly favors strong dictatorships (Jordan, 2008). The WTO differs from the World Bank in that this institution specifically focuses on global trade rules between countries, which helps foster trade (Polack, 2004). Commercial interests supersede any foreseen barriers to global expansion, which means the rights of the people are not always acknowledged, if acknowledged at all (Jordan, 2008). This unfortunate view of global development shines an ill-fated light on the values of the monetarily elite. The IMF maximizes financial stability by playing a central role balancing the payments and financial crises of international trade (Polack, 2004). All three of these institutions play an integral part of globalization financing.

There is a consensus by many that globalization is a myth; that it is merely a neo-liberal fa?§ade of recycled capitalist ideations (Powell & Geoghegan, 2005). To understand the myth, it is important to first recognize what neoliberalism means. Neoliberalism favors free-market capitalism by acting as a philosophical foundation for how a capitalist world should function. The neo-liberalist seeks personal gain in every transaction of their life and does not see a welfare state as contributing to the success or overall wellbeing of the economy (Polack, 2004). Globalization claims that it addresses the need of many by bringing transport systems and communications technology to countries that would otherwise never have had the access (Lyons, 2006). What is not mentioned is the lack of a minimum wage and barbaric work schedules that contribute to the conception of these projects (Powell & Geoghegan, 2005).

There a few other reasons why globalization is considered a myth by critics. The first is that the elites associated with the global economy boast that there has been a reduction in income inequality when in fact, quite the opposite is true (Polack, 2004). Research shows that the gap between the poor and the elite have grown extensively in the last 25 years. Another myth that has been proven false is that the profits made through globalization trickles down to the poorest part of the population. While this has been proven to be true in a handful of countries, it is not true for all of them (the US included). One of the greatest debated myths regarding globalization is that trade is what is responsible for inequality. In truth, it is not so much trade that is to blame for earning inequality, rather it is a combination of concepts including lack of education, the increase of technology, and the decline of labor unions that create economic hardship (Polack, 2004).

There are some key elements of globalization that can be viewed as successful, having caused beneficial improvements in what were previously penurious regions. It is important to note that the accomplishments of globalization are relative and have been the cause of scrutiny among many in the helping field (Jordan, 2008). One of the first major developments of globalization was the conception of transport systems (Lyons, 2006). Airplanes, ships, and trains are just a few of the mass transport systems that have connected friends, families, and new experiences to those who would have otherwise remained immobile in their lifetime. This type of transportation gave the world an accessible means of traveling never before seen. Mass transport has assisted in exposing culture and unfamiliar practices to others all over the world, contributing to the blossoming of cultural enlightenment. As for business relations, mass transport has made shipping goods and services faster and more efficient for both the producer and consumer.

Another major development that has caused similar achievements through globalization is information technology (Lyons, 2006). This technology grew from telegraphs and Morse code to telephones, fax, email, and smart phones. The interconnectedness that this technology has on the world is phenomenal. No longer does it take a three-day ride on a horse to deliver a message to a person in another city. People from all over the world can simply pick up a telephone and make contact to another person on the other side of the globe. This technology has provided a means for emergency response, and ways to efficiently rely crucial information to intended recipients in an instant. As with the transport systems, this technology has globally given people the freedom to travel without fear of losing contact with the important systems in their life. Also like transport systems, information technology strengthens business relations by offering an easier way for communication to be made for various corporate handlings.

Industrial, medical, and technological advances proved to be another globalization success that has helped indigenous people over time (Lyons, 2006). Farming became easier and productivity increased with the movement industrial inventions have had across the globe. Better farm equipment, agricultural scientific breakthroughs, and the spread of these advancements through mass transport and communications are helping to feed people all over the world. Medical advances are combating once debilitating diseases/afflictions such as polio, cancer, and HIV, which at one time were a death sentence (Jordan, 2008). The progress in technology has also been a staple in assisting with lifesaving medical machinery and other integral inventions concerning the social welfare of global inhabitants. Many of these breakthroughs have stretched across the world and have in some ways created a stronger nation. However, it still leaves a person to wonder at what cost these breakthroughs are being made.

Having looked at the successes of globalization, it is important to reference the negative impact and failings of globalization as well. Three flaws that stand out more than others are the global debt crisis, the labor exploitation of the Global South, and the general happiness in relation to both sides of the corporate spectrum (Polack, 2004). The global debt crisis has been regarded as responsible for most of the shortcomings related to globalization. The reasoning for this is attributed to the loans given by the World Bank and other northern financial institutions to the countries of the Global South (Jordan, 2008). The Global South were a collection of countries that were not as affluent as Europe, Spain, or France during the 1400's. Countries in the Global South received these loans to implement large-scale infrastructure projects just after World War II (Polack, 2004). Unfortunately, these projects either failed or only advanced the elite and/or interests of corporations located in the north. This left the people of the Global South still responsible for all accrued debt.

The debt accrued from the loans provided by the northern investors directly contributed to the globalization defect regarding the labor exploitation of the Global South (Polack, 2004). Many of the inhabitants of the Global South were displaced, driven into deeper poverty, and forced to scapegoat the responsibility of repaying the debt. The people of these populations have resorted to establishing free trade zones (FTZs) to compete with other countries for outside capital and labor income. This is a big win for outside corporations because they don't have barriers such as child labor laws or minimum wage to deal with. These companies also get away with not having to pay as much for taxes and tariffs on commodities within FTZs. This not only exploits the laborers of these countries by not paying them near what they should (some accrue what is equivalent to less than a US $1 per day), but also by working children and adults excruciatingly long hours (Jordan, 2008).

Dealing with extreme poverty and debt (especially when it is accrued by the hand of others) and slave-like labor is a burden that many in the Global South are still experiencing to this day (Polack, 2004). What is interesting is that studies show that countries whose focus is not on increased individual incomes have higher averages of subjective well-being (SWB) than what would normally be predicted for countries living in turmoil (Jordan, 2008). The reason this is a weakness in globalization is because of the supposed purpose for expanding processes of production to poor countries. Supporters of globalization gloat that this expansion creates economic growth and while that may be true for some parts of the world, many have not experienced that part of the deal. It seems that the values of the globalization supporters lean more towards individual gain, and in no way towards those who are not in the same standing as the economically elite.

Promoting human welfare and advocating for social justice are two key principals in the composition of social work. There are values to globalization that stand out as positive and are contributing to the advancements for a better society, but as previously discussed, there are also many failings that are causing great need for the practice of social work on a global scale. Social workers have partnered with many of these communities by means of civil societies. A civil society acts as a middle ground between the state and the market (Powell & Geoghegan, 2005). These societies can range from members of a bowling league to large congregations of disenfranchised populations. Civil societies are also referred to as a third sector, with their function being to collaborate and listen to their people and communicate the needs of the society to advocators that can promote positive change within the community. Social workers are increasingly becoming global advocators. Social workers and civil societies partner to dismantle the structural inequality caused by globalization and enhance opportunities for the disadvantaged populations of those regions.

A civil society can only promote positive change if there is some form of social capital present. Social capital is the reciprocity between two or more individuals by means of cooperation (Jordan, 2008). Without some sort of agreements between civil societies and the State, there is no democracy and will therefore not lead to change. When social capital is present and thriving among troupes involved in a civil society, transformations such as enhanced healthcare and better work conditions will begin to appear (Powell & Geoghegan, 2005). Unions are a great example of how this entire process works. The workers of the company are a society and the owners of the company are the elite. Both want something out of the relationship; workers want to be paid and the elite want to run a successful business. If there is social capital present, the union acts as the mediator between the two entities to protect the workers and to also work with the owners (Jordan, 2008). This system fosters a working relationship and helps both parties obtain what they need.

The world would be a better place if civil societies and social capital were the norm of economical operations (Powell & Geoghegan, 2005). Unfortunately, it is not that way and globalization does not help. What happens when there is no social capital and the workers are not protected by rules and regulations like those in FTZs? Well, exactly what is currently happening in countries all over the world. Places known as sweatshops use laborer's that are paid little to no money to work atrocious hours in free trade zones (Polack, 2004). Most billion-dollar companies in the US, including Disneyland and Walmart, utilize sweatshops in the FTZ regions to this day. Americans and other elitist countries alike have historically placed a blind eye about where their clothes and electronics are manufactured. There are no social workers or authorities to act as mediators and advocators in many of these places to stand up for the workers and help them get the resources or the compensation they need and deserve. In places like America where there are labor laws that protect minimum wage, hours worked, and child labor regulations, the citizens are na??ve about what is happening in places that do not share those resources.

The state of affairs caused by globalization weaknesses across the globe place a greater emphasis on the need of social workers than ever before. The field of social work is composed of caring, intellectual individuals that have a passion to promote social welfare within a society. With the plethora of adversities the world is currently facing, social workers have much to contribute (Jordan, 2008). A social worker wears many hats to accomplish countless tasks, but none are more important than their ability to access the value in others. This is noticeably needed in places where people are not able or allowed to see their potential or worth (Powell & Geoghegan, 2005). A social worker will stand beside those who cannot stand for themselves and bring the much-needed attention and resources needed to help guide those in need toward a direction of prosperity.

There are many ways in which globalization could improve practices all over the world. The phrase think globally, act locally holds two enlightening connotations that provide answers to some of the most prominent problems associated with globalization. , and what social workers and Concentrating globalization back to the local workings of the San Joaquin Central Valley is is highlighting the agricultural importance of exportation. The ethics of the social work practice have evolved with globalization to now include promotion of general welfare to societies both at the local and global level (Polack, 2004).

Think globally, act locally as it pertains to social workers consists of the education and knowledge gained by international studies and cultural diversity training. Thinking locally in this context has two meanings. The first refers to the local population of immigrants and how social workers can educate themselves on the cultural values and practices of these particular clients. The clients will better succeed if they are understood and partake in interventions that better suit their cultural identity. The other connotation of think globally, act locally pertains to the efforts of social workers internationally. It is important that social workers understand the practices of cultures they are working with on a global scale and be cognizant of not pushing American beliefs into their culture. knowledge transfer, the labor market, and cultural awareness

Social work on a global scale is an important concept to think about as the population grows larger, companies spread their enterprises farther, and cultural competency of social workers expand deeper. While globalization has helped drive several types of advancements throughout out the globe, there are several drawbacks in the ways globalization affects indegenious populations. Globalization is not necessarily bad a thing if rules and regulations were considered and met by partnering with representatives of each region. As companies look to globalize their businesses, they should also think locally about the cultures of the people who live there and what ramifications are made with their business intervening in place where they were their first. Social workers are great advocators for enlightening these business about the value of social welfare when capital gain is what is shading their eyes. The more social capital created within these regions and with the players in the game Globalization one day be a positive concept shared by all.

DiNitto & Johnson (2016). Social welfare politics and public policy (8th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Jordan, B. (2008). Social work and world poverty. International Social Work. 51 440-452.

Lyons, K (2006). Globalization and social work: International and local implications. British Journal of Social Work, 36, 365-380

Polack, R. (2004). Social justice and the global economy: New challenges for social work in the 21st Century. Social Work, 49, 281-290.

Powell, F., & Geoghegan, M. (2005). Reclaiming civil society: The future of global social work. European Journal of Social Work, 8, 129-144.

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The Effects of Globalization on Social Work Practices Essay

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Globalization and the Social Interest of Workers

Globalization, a phenomenon characterized by the increased integration of nations through trade, politics, and culture, has emerged as an important feature of the modern world. This phenomenon has been hailed by economists as the most important driver for global economic prosperity. The paper sets out to demonstrate that globalization is not in the social interest of low-wage workers in developing nations and factory workers in the developed countries. To illustrate this point, the paper discusses some of the negative social impacts that globalization has caused both in the developing and developed countries. These impacts include the loss of jobs, decline in earnings, and increased income inequality within countries. The paper concludes by calling for actions to be taken to mitigate the negative social impacts of globalization and therefore make this phenomenon beneficial to all members of the society.

Introduction

A defining characteristic of the 21st century is globalization, which is the expansion, deepening, and acceleration of human interrelations. This phenomenon is working towards creating a global community where all countries are integrated through trade, politics and culture. Lee and Vivarelli (2006) note that the globalization forces have been aided by the tremendous decreases in transportation costs and the expansion of ICT services over the past two decades.

Globalization has been hailed as a powerful force for economic growth and prosperity in many nations. By promoting the flow of products, capital, people and ideas, this phenomenon has resulted in economic development all over the world. Advocates of globalization argue that it has significantly benefited both developing and developed countries.

The developing countries have benefited from additional capital and employment opportunities while the developed countries have benefited from increased access to the powerful productive forces available in the developing world. However, critics of globalization assert that it has led to many problems that include the exploitation of workers in the developing world and the increase in unemployment in the developed world. This paper will set out to demonstrate that while many governments view globalization as a beneficial phenomenon, it is not in the social interest of low wage workers in developing countries and the displaced factory workers in the developed world.

Social Impact of Globalization

Globalization has a social dimension that is both positive and negative. It has affected the society by making low cost products and services available to consumers. The phenomenon has been beneficial to the consumers who buy low-cost commodities and the multinational firms that produce in low-cost regions and sell in high-price regions. However, the impact of globalization on the workers in both the developing countries and the developed countries has been negative.

Impact in Developing Countries

Low wage workers in developing countries such as Malaysia have been adversely affected by globalization. This phenomenon opens up a country to intensive competition from imports. The products made by the low-wage laborers are likely to be uncompetitive compared to the imported goods. This causes companies to shift towards the profitable skill-intensive products leading to significant job losses by the low-skilled workers. Baldwin and Winters (2007) acknowledge that trade liberalization can cause previously protected domestic firms to be displaced due to unregulated external competition. Low-wage workers have therefore lost jobs due to globalization.

Globalization results in the decrease in the real wage levels of the low-wage workers in the society. The financial liberalization promoted by globalization leads to decreased net income for this class of workers. Due to the opening up of the economy, the government might be unable to impose some of the trade restrictions meant to protect its population from the negative effects of international trade. Globalization causes income to be redistributed in favor of the skilled middle-income and high-income segment of the population. The low-wage workers are left to suffer from a reduction in their purchasing power. Without government intervention through measures such as tariffs reductions and subsidies on basic commodities, the low-wage workers find it hard to achieve a decent living from their salary.

Another negative impact of globalization is that it has reduced the job opportunities for low-wage earners in developing nations. While globalization is praised for increasing jobs in the developing nations by setting up production plants there, this phenomenon contributes to unemployment. In addition to the foreign direction investment and capital flows to the developing countries, globalization also promotes technology transfers.

Gunter and Hoeven (2009) admit that globalization is driven by new technologies, which are exported from one country to another. The observed increase in international trade is therefore accompanied by the technological advances of the countries involved. Lee and Vivarelli (2006) document that technology transfers have grown as MNCs and local companies seek to improve their productivity. Technology has an impact on employment in the developing world. As companies adopt technological measures to increase productivity, they no longer require the many low-skilled workers they previously employed. As such, while globalization brings in new jobs, it also promotes job loss as companies import technologies to save on labor.

The multinational companies operating in developing nations have been accused of blatantly exploiting the low-wage workers by giving them poor wages and making them labor in substandard working conditions. As noted, the major motivation for MNCs to shift their operations to the developing nations is the availability of cheap surplus labor. Baldwin and Winters (2007) reveal that many multinational firms are keen to increase their profit margins from their overseas operations. To achieve this goal, they exploit the unskilled labor force by paying them the lowest possible wages. Wage considerations have made many manufacturing companies move from Mexico to Asia. At the same time, countries like Indonesia are under pressure to reduce labor wages or risk losing garment and show-manufacturing orders to China where the wages are even lower.

Finally, low wage workers suffer from the increased income inequality within their country. MNCs shift operations from developed countries to developing countries in order to take advantage of the huge labor force. On one hand, globalization appears to improve the economic status of the low wage workers by providing them with jobs in the manufacturing sector. This view is supported by the fact that the manufacturing sector in many developing nations has experienced rapid growth due to globalization (Niladri, 2013).

While most of the jobs are low skill-intensive in the Western world, they are often skill-intensive in the developing countries where the productions are transferred to. Huwart and Loic (2013) explain that outsourcing of production from a developed to a developing nation means that companies that employed relatively unskilled labor in the developed country now employ skilled labor. This leads to a rise in the relative wages of the skilled workers in the developing countries while the wages of the unskilled workers remain stagnant. As a result, there is increased income inequality in the developing county.

In developed Nations

Globalization has contributed to the dramatic decline in the wages of the less-skilled workers in the developed world. Due to internationalization of trade, advanced economies such as the US have shifted from the less skilled towards the more skilled labor. The service and technology sectors have grown rapidly over the past 3 decades while the manufacturing sector has been on a decline. The demand for less-skilled workers in the developed world has therefore decreased leading to lower incomes compared to the wages paid to the skilled workers. Globalization has contributed to this wage and income inequality in the developed world by decreasing the demand for less skilled workers in the labor market.

These jobs, which are mostly in the manufacturing sector, have been outsourced to the low cost regions. In addition to this, globalization has contributed to wage decline by reducing corporate union activism since the link between workers is weakened when some of the business functions are outsourced. The wages of workers in the developed countries therefore rise more slowly in spite of profits for the company increasing rapidly.

Globalization has been blamed on the increased unemployment in the developed countries, especially in the manufacturing sector. As a result of globalization, many multinational companies (MNCs) have sifted their production operations to developing nations where cheap labor is available. Gunter and Hoeven (2009) observe that the multinational companies are driven by profit maximization. For this reason, they base the decision on where to produce on factors such as the availability of cheap labor, adequate technology, and a favorable business environment. The factory workers in the developed country are left without work as the MNCs take their operations overseas (Niladri, 2013). Without new employment opportunities being created in the manufacturing sector, these workers are forced to seek jobs in other areas or remain unemployed.

At the same time, workers in developed countries such as the US face intense job insecurity. Due to trade liberalization, companies are under pressure to increase their productivity and international competitiveness or face displacement. To deal with this pressure, many companies have taken to outsourcing and laying off workers in order to reduce their labor costs. The manufacturing industry has been hardest hit by this phenomenon especially in the US.

However, Huwart and Loic (2013) note that globalization has create job insecurity not only in the manufacturing sector, but also in the service industry. Many Western countries have relocated some of their service activities to developing countries. According to Huwart and Loic (2013, 20% of wage earners in industrialized nations are engaged in occupations that can at any time be outsourced.

Due to globalization, there is intense international competition, which contributes to the destruction of some companies in Western nations. Due to globalization, countries have been forced to open up their markets to international trade.

Huwart and Loic (2013) note that this has led to the flooding of developed countries’ markets with cheap products from emerging economies such as China. While this has benefited the consumers who wish to but low-cost goods and services produced in other countries, it has had a detrimental effect on factory workers in the developed countries. Huwart and Loic (2013) report that many western companies have been forced to downsize or close down due to competition from emerging economies. Most of these companies deal with mass electronics, textiles, household objects and toys. The similarity in these products is that they do not require specialized skills and technology to produce and they can therefore be easily produced in developing nations. The developed countries’ workers in these sectors have therefore been rendered jobless due to globalization.

Globalization has become of the most important events of modern times. Most economists agree that trade liberalization through globalization promotes economic growth. With this consideration, countries all over the world have implemented policies that promote international trade and attract foreign direct investments. Many studies show that the countries that have embraced globalization have demonstrated greater economic growth than those that have rejected it (Niladri, 2013). However, this phenomenon has had some undesirable social impacts on the lives of workers. This paper has shown that while globalization is beneficial to consumers and multinational companies, its effects can be detrimental to low-wage workers in developing countries and manufacturing workers in the developed world.

Globalization is a highly contentious issue in modern society with people arguing about its overall impact on the society. This paper set out to show the negative impact that globalization has on low-wage workers in developing countries and factory workers in the developed world. It began by acknowledging that globalization is a major driver for economic growth and prosperity in the world. However, the paper has shown that this phenomenon has led to job losses, reduction in real wages, exploitation by MNCs, and increased income inequality within developing countries. In the developed countries, it has led to the decline in wages for less-skilled workers, increased unemployment, and destroyed some industries. From this assessment, it is clear that globalization has had a negative social impact on workers all over the world. Steps should therefore be taken to mitigate these impacts and ensure that globalization becomes a positive force in the world.

Baldwin, R.E., & Winters, A. (2007). Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Web.

Gunter, B., & Hoeven, R. (2009). The social dimension of globalization: a review of the literature. London: International Labour Organization. Web.

Huwart, J., & Loic, V. (2013). Does globalisation promote employment? Berlin: OECD Publishing. Web.

Lee, E., & Vivarelli, M. (2006). The Social Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries. Frankfurt: Institute for the Study of Labor. Web.

Niladri, D. (2013). Impact of Globalization on Sustainable Development in the Indian Economy. Journal of International Economics, 4 (2), 99-114. Web.

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Globalization, Social Policy, and Social Provision Essay

Introduction, works cited.

This assignment is a discussion on the topic of Globalisation, Social Policy and Social Provision. In the discussion, I have defined and explained what social provision is, how it emerged and how it relates to social policy and globalisation.

The discussion also looks at various actors and polices in social provision, how effective they have been and the challenges as well as the possible way forward. The discussion draws from various readings as well as on internet resources.

Social provisions can mean different things to different people and in different countries. This is because of the historical economic, political and social differences between different countries world-wide. But generally, social provision refers to the provision of welfare services to citizens of a country.

The concept has got its origin from the English poor law act, which required churches and other charity organizations to provide the poor with basic needs including food, shelter and clothing (Deacon 25).

Based on its history, the concept is mainly used to refer to the provision of welfare services to the less fortunate in the society, basically the elderly, the disabled, orphaned children and people in difficult situations.

The nature of social provision in developing and developed countries however differs in terms of definition, scope and the target beneficiaries. In the developing countries which are characterized by high levels of poverty, almost over 50% of all citizens are in need of social provision (Deacon 25).

In these countries, social provision is mostly done by non-governmental and charity organizations, with the governments playing a marginal role in the same.

In the developed countries on the other hand, majority of the citizens are able to provide for themselves, and therefore the nature of social provision is a matter of governments’ responsibility to all citizens rather than a privilege given by the governments to some segments of the population (Deacon 25).

Social provision constitutes of provision of social services like education, social security, food, shelter among other social necessities. It may take the form of direct cash given to the beneficiaries, subsidizing services or goods, or giving vouchers to those who are targeted by the social provision programs. In the developing countries, the access to social welfare services is based on some eligibility criteria.

This can be attributed to the high number of deserving people. Such criteria may include things like extreme poverty, old age, orphan hood, destitution or displacement by ethnic, civil strife or political violence which are prevalent in these countries (Deacon 25).

In the national context, social provision programs take care of the unique needs and priorities of a particular country irrespective of the service provider. The providers are usually the governments and other non-governmental organisations.

In the global context, social provision takes the form of policies, treaties and charters, which are aimed at dealing with certain global problems, through the provision of certain social services in all countries of the world.

The providers are manly international bodies like the United Nations (UN), the World Bank and international monetary fund (IMF) also known as Breton woods institutions and other like-minded partners (Deacon 25).

Social provision became an issue of global concern especially after the world wars. Globalisation has played a crucial role in internationalisation of social provision. Social provision has been seen by many global social policy analysts as being related to the new world order, which is a system of governance which roots for the establishment of a world’s government in total disregard to traditional State sovereignty.

This has made the issue of social provision not only a social one, but also a political and economic issue, characterised by politics of domination between the North (the developed world) and the South (developing world) (Deacon 25).

Basically, social provision is aimed at addressing the social, economic and political inequalities between the rich and the poor in society. In a strict sense therefore, social provision can be explained as a communist ideology or way of thinking. However, with the capitalistic consumerism inherent in many countries of the world, it becomes a challenge to effectively implement an idea which is communistic in nature (Deacon 25).

In many countries which are not able to provide social services to their citizens, the international community plays this role. The main players and drivers of social provision are the Breton woods institutions and other United Nations’ affiliated institutions like United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Trade Organisation (WTO), World Health Organisation (WHO) among others (Deacon 25).

However, the approach used by these institutions has been explained by critics as a neoliberal capitalistic model, which appears very good in paper and as if constructed to end social inequalities, but in practice achieves the opposite, that is, it leads to increased poverty and social inequalities.

In fact, many global social analysts attribute the ever unending social and economic inequalities between the global North and the South to these very institutions (Deacon 25).

In Africa for example, many polices have been implemented by these institutions but with little or no positive impact on the citizens. They began with the Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in 1980s and 1990s (Dibua 40).These programs were designed to promote economic growth in the developing countries so as to enable the governments to provide social services to the people without difficulties.

The polices were based on the liberalization of trade, promotion of commercial instead of subsistence agriculture, elimination of price controls, privatization of state corporations, the fight against corruption, promotion of good governance, respect of rule of law and human rights.

On meeting these conditions, African countries were to receive debt waivers as well as qualify for direct donor funding in various sectors like education and health (Dibua 40).

The programs were however not effective because they actually led to the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor as well as to hunger due to the adoption of export based agriculture at the expense of subsistence agriculture.

After the failure of the SAPs to reduce poverty and social inequalities in the developing world, what followed was the introduction of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), which were aimed at coming up with unique polices and strategies to fight poverty in the developing countries. However, PRSPs did not succeed due to the capitalistic formulation and implementation of the strategies (Dibua 40).

Recently, in the wake of the millennium, the global institutions came up with what they referred to as Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which composed of eight key gaols and twenty one targets which were to be achieved by many countries by the year 2015.

Among the key objectives of the MDGs was to halve world’s poverty by 2015. These gaols were to be achieved through the collaboration of the governments of the developing countries with these institutions on key areas especially education and health, which were believed to be crucial in reducing poverty (United Nations 17).

In the developing countries however, these gaols have not been gradually achieved as envisaged before mainly due to lack of governments’ commitment and the failure of these institutions to support the governments in the developing world.

Instead of supporting the governments in the developing world to achieve these goals, these institutions together with powerful nations like the United States have stuck to their traditional carrot and stick tricks in their collaboration with these governments (United Nations 17).

To illustrate this argument is the Education for All (EFA) policy, which was initiated by the World Bank and UNSECO in 1990 (worldbank.org). This policy was aimed at ensuring that every citizen in the world is able to benefit from education. The policy was first tested in Thailand and aimed at ensuring that by 2015, the world would have achieved a 50% adult literacy as well as improvement of girl child education (worldbank.org).

The policy picked up but without much success. In order to reinforce their commitment to the policy, the World Bank and UNESCO convened two meetings in Dakar Senegal in 2000, which culminated in the adoption of the policy by over 189 countries. These institutions also adopted millennium development goals number two and three, which are in line with EFA objectives (worldbank.org).

With over 20 years since the initiative of EFA was initiated, over 70 million children, who have attained the age of going to school are not doing so mainly due to financial problems as well as Hiv/Aids and high fertility among girls, who account for over 40 million in this population of 70 million(worldbank.org).

Despite this trend, the policy has achieved some significant progress in attainment of goal number three, in that out of 163 countries, 47 have already achieved universal primary education. The challenge remains in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which are unlikely to attain universal primary education and gender parity by 2015 (worldbank.org).

A positive global social agenda can be set by the international community, through the United Nations. This is because the United Nations is the only institution with a global appeal, based on its history in its efforts in fighting poverty, disease, and ignorance as well as in maintenance and restoration of peace in the world (mirror.undp.org).

One example of a UN policy is the millennium development goals, which was adopted by the United Nations in September 2000. The millennium developments goals, as I have mentioned were basically formed to reduce poverty in the world through initiation of programs which promote education and eradicate disease (mirror.undp.org).

Since their initiation, many developing countries have embraced them by initiating programs which are geared towards the achievement of the millennium development goals. One such country is Kenya, which is a developing country found in East Africa. In 2003, the Kenyan government developed economic development blue print strategy known as Kenyan vision 2030 (mirror.undp.org).

This vision is composed of three main development pillars namely the social, political and economic pillars. These three pillars are in line with the millennium development goals. Through the initiative, the country managed to reduce poverty in the country from 55% in 2000 to 45% in 2006 (mirror.undp.org).

One of the key players in the reduction of poverty is the United Nations development program (UNDP), which is affiliated to the United Nations. UNDP, in partnership with the Kenyan government has initiated several projects in the North Eastern part of the country which is semi-arid. The key projects include education and water projects (mirror.undp.org).

The projects have positively impacted on the people of North Eastern, especially the young people, who have been able to access education in the schools and more importantly, water, which is very scarce in that region. The residents have been able to water their animals, which are the only economic activity in the region thus reducing the levels of poverty (mirror.undp.org).

One global social policy coalition which I’m familiar with and where governments work with NGOs and International institution to address a social issue is the international justice system, which advocates for respect of social, political and other forms of rights, liberties and privileges for all citizens by their governments. Respect for human rights is both a legal and a social issue.

It is a legal issue based on the universal declaration of human rights. Most of these rights are contained in constitutional documents as bill of rights in many countries and therefore their violation becomes prohibited under the law.

Respect for human rights is a social issue because the abuse of human rights, like the right to express oneself, the right to education, health and other basic social amenities is not only dehumanising but also curtails citizens’ abilities and opportunities to live as social beings.

The international criminal system is a global policy, which is aimed at ensuring that governments or politicians do not violate the rights of their citizens. The system is based on the Rome statute, which forms the international criminal court based in The Hague at the Netherlands. The court was formed to punish perpetrators of political and ethic violence, corruption cases, genocide and gross misuse of power.

The court works in conjunction with governments to provide evidence of abuse of human rights. It also works in collaboration with civil society organisations and NGOs, majority of which are concerned with advocacy and fight for equality, equity, justice and fairness in all spheres of life irrespective of cultural, racial, gender, religious and social economic differences in the society.

The system has been investigating different leaders of the world including Omar el Bashir of Sudan, Pinochet of Yugoslavia as well as other leaders responsible for various human and social atrocities across the globe.

In conclusion, social provision has been a global agenda for some time now. It has gone to great lengths in fostering global unity and collaboration in trade, education, and fight against poverty, poor health, terrorism, and injustice among other threats to healthy social life.

However, the problem with the current and previous approaches to the issue of social provision is that they have not done much to ameliorate the social inequalities in the world, especially the disparities between the North and the South as well as the gap between the rich and the poor in society. This has been so due to the neoliberal approach to global social policy and agenda, which is characterised by consumerism capitalism.

The way forward in setting a positive global agenda is first of all acknowledging the fact that the current policies have either completely failed, or are doomed to fail.

The global policy makers should therefore be bold enough to rise above selfish interests and address issues the way they are; which would involve dedicating adequate resources, technology transfer and empowerment of the poor especially in the developing countries for them to be able to fight poverty, disease and ignorance.

Such polices should not be based on the hypocritical principle of carrot and stick, but rather on full dedication, both in letter and spirit by the rich nations to help the poor ones out of poverty. The key sectors which need to be worked on include good governance, respect of human rights, the fight against corruption, protection of the environment and enhancement of education and health.

These would ensure that the citizens of developing countries are empowered and have access to opportunities to realize and maximize their full potential for their growth and development. This would in turn ensure that the governments are in a position to provide social services to all citizens irrespective of their social, economic, political and educational differences.

Deacon, Bob. Global Social Policy & Governance. Markham (Toronto), ON L3R 4L9: SAGE, 2007:25. Print.

Dibua, Jeremiah. Modernization and the Crisis of Development in Africa: The Nigerian Experience. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006:40. Print.

United Nations. Claiming the Millennium Development Goals: A Human Rights Approach . Annapolis, MD: United Nations, 2008: 17.Print.

UNDP. Millennium development goals in Kenya. UNDP Kenya . Web.

World Bank Group. ‘Education for All (EFA)’. World Bank . Web.< http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/brief/education-for-all >

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