essay about smoking

Essay on Smoking

500 words essay on smoking.

One of the most common problems we are facing in today’s world which is killing people is smoking. A lot of people pick up this habit because of stress , personal issues and more. In fact, some even begin showing it off. When someone smokes a cigarette, they not only hurt themselves but everyone around them. It has many ill-effects on the human body which we will go through in the essay on smoking.

Ill-Effects of Smoking

Tobacco can have a disastrous impact on our health. Nonetheless, people consume it daily for a long period of time till it’s too late. Nearly one billion people in the whole world smoke. It is a shocking figure as that 1 billion puts millions of people at risk along with themselves.

Cigarettes have a major impact on the lungs. Around a third of all cancer cases happen due to smoking. For instance, it can affect breathing and causes shortness of breath and coughing. Further, it also increases the risk of respiratory tract infection which ultimately reduces the quality of life.

In addition to these serious health consequences, smoking impacts the well-being of a person as well. It alters the sense of smell and taste. Further, it also reduces the ability to perform physical exercises.

It also hampers your physical appearances like giving yellow teeth and aged skin. You also get a greater risk of depression or anxiety . Smoking also affects our relationship with our family, friends and colleagues.

Most importantly, it is also an expensive habit. In other words, it entails heavy financial costs. Even though some people don’t have money to get by, they waste it on cigarettes because of their addiction.

How to Quit Smoking?

There are many ways through which one can quit smoking. The first one is preparing for the day when you will quit. It is not easy to quit a habit abruptly, so set a date to give yourself time to prepare mentally.

Further, you can also use NRTs for your nicotine dependence. They can reduce your craving and withdrawal symptoms. NRTs like skin patches, chewing gums, lozenges, nasal spray and inhalers can help greatly.

Moreover, you can also consider non-nicotine medications. They require a prescription so it is essential to talk to your doctor to get access to it. Most importantly, seek behavioural support. To tackle your dependence on nicotine, it is essential to get counselling services, self-materials or more to get through this phase.

One can also try alternative therapies if they want to try them. There is no harm in trying as long as you are determined to quit smoking. For instance, filters, smoking deterrents, e-cigarettes, acupuncture, cold laser therapy, yoga and more can work for some people.

Always remember that you cannot quit smoking instantly as it will be bad for you as well. Try cutting down on it and then slowly and steadily give it up altogether.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Smoking

Thus, if anyone is a slave to cigarettes, it is essential for them to understand that it is never too late to stop smoking. With the help and a good action plan, anyone can quit it for good. Moreover, the benefits will be evident within a few days of quitting.

FAQ of Essay on Smoking

Question 1: What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 1: Smoking has major effects like cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and more. It also increases the risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems with the immune system .

Question 2: Why should we avoid smoking?

Answer 2: We must avoid smoking as it can lengthen your life expectancy. Moreover, by not smoking, you decrease your risk of disease which includes lung cancer, throat cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, and more.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

Travelling Essay
Picnic Essay
Our Country Essay
My Parents Essay
Essay on Favourite Personality
Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
Essay on Knowledge is Power
Essay on Gurpurab
Essay on My Favourite Season
Essay on Types of Sports

Download the App

Persuasive Essay Guide

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Persuasive Essay About Smoking - Making a Powerful Argument with Examples

What You Need To Know About Persuasive Essay

A persuasive essay is a type of writing that aims to convince its readers to take a certain stance or action. It often uses logical arguments and evidence to back up its argument in order to persuade readers.

It also utilizes rhetorical techniques such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make the argument more convincing. In other words, persuasive essays use facts and evidence as well as emotion to make their points.

A persuasive essay about smoking would use these techniques to convince its readers about any point about smoking. Check out an example below:

Simple persuasive essay about smoking

Tough Essay Due? Hire Tough Writers!

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. It leads to adverse health effects, including lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the respiratory tract. However, the number of people who smoke cigarettes has been on the rise globally.

A lot has been written on topics related to the effects of smoking. Reading essays about it can help you get an idea of what makes a good persuasive essay.

Here are some sample persuasive essays about smoking that you can use as inspiration for your own writing:

Persuasive speech on smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

Persuasive Essay About Smoking Introduction

Persuasive Essay About Stop Smoking

Short Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Stop Smoking Persuasive Speech

Check out some more persuasive essay examples on various other topics.

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that uses facts and logical arguments to back up a point. It is similar to a persuasive essay but differs in that it utilizes more evidence than emotion.

If you’re looking to write an argumentative essay about smoking, here are some examples to get you started on the arguments of why you should not smoke.

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Check out the video below to find useful arguments against smoking:

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

You have read some examples of persuasive and argumentative essays about smoking. Now here are some tips that will help you craft a powerful essay on this topic.

Choose a Specific Angle

Select a particular perspective on the issue that you can use to form your argument. When talking about smoking, you can focus on any aspect such as the health risks, economic costs, or environmental impact.

Think about how you want to approach the topic. For instance, you could write about why smoking should be banned.

Check out the list of persuasive essay topics to help you while you are thinking of an angle to choose!

Research the Facts

Before writing your essay, make sure to research the facts about smoking. This will give you reliable information to use in your arguments and evidence for why people should avoid smoking.

You can find and use credible data and information from reputable sources such as government websites, health organizations, and scientific studies.

For instance, you should gather facts about health issues and negative effects of tobacco if arguing against smoking. Moreover, you should use and cite sources carefully.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Make an Outline

The next step is to create an outline for your essay. This will help you organize your thoughts and make sure that all the points in your essay flow together logically.

Your outline should include the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will help ensure that your essay has a clear structure and argument.

Use Persuasive Language

When writing your essay, make sure to use persuasive language such as “it is necessary” or “people must be aware”. This will help you convey your message more effectively and emphasize the importance of your point.

Also, don’t forget to use rhetorical devices such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make your arguments more convincing. That is, you should incorporate emotion, personal experience, and logic into your arguments.

Introduce Opposing Arguments

Another important tip when writing a persuasive essay on smoking is to introduce opposing arguments. It will show that you are aware of the counterarguments and can provide evidence to refute them. This will help you strengthen your argument.

By doing this, your essay will come off as more balanced and objective, making it more convincing.

Finish Strong

Finally, make sure to finish your essay with a powerful conclusion. This will help you leave a lasting impression on your readers and reinforce the main points of your argument. You can end by summarizing the key points or giving some advice to the reader.

A powerful conclusion could either include food for thought or a call to action. So be sure to use persuasive language and make your conclusion strong.

To conclude,

By following these tips, you can write an effective and persuasive essay on smoking. Remember to research the facts, make an outline, and use persuasive language.

However, don't stress if you need expert help to write your essay! We're the best essay writing service for you!

Our persuasive essay writing service is fast, affordable, and trustworthy.

Try it out today!

Write Essay Within 60 Seconds!

Caleb S. has been providing writing services for over five years and has a Masters degree from Oxford University. He is an expert in his craft and takes great pride in helping students achieve their academic goals. Caleb is a dedicated professional who always puts his clients first.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That’s our Job!

Keep reading

Paper writing help
Buy an Essay
Pay for essay
Buy Research Paper
Write My Research Paper
Research Paper Help
Custom Research Paper
Custom Dissertation
Dissertation Help
Buy Dissertation
Dissertation Writer
Write my Dissertation
How it works

How To Write A Smoking Essay That Will Blow Your Classmates out of the Water

Writing a Smoking Essay. Complete Actionable Guide

A smoking essay might not be your first choice, but it is a common enough topic, whether it is assigned by a professor or left to your choice. Today we’ll take you through the paces of creating a compelling piece, share fresh ideas for writing teen smoking essays, and tackle the specifics of the essential parts of any paper, including an introduction and a conclusion.

Why Choose a Smoking Essay?

If you are free to select any topic, why would you open this can of worms? There are several compelling arguments in favor, such as:

A smoking essay can fit any type of writing assignment. You can craft an argumentative essay about smoking, a persuasive piece, or even a narration about someone’s struggle with quitting. It’s a rare case of a one-size-fits-all topic.
There is an endless number of environmental essay topics ideas . From the reasons and history of smoking to health and economic impact, as well as psychological and physiological factors that make quitting so challenging.
A staggering number of reliable sources are available online. You won’t have to dig deep to find medical or economic research, there are thousands of papers published in peer-reviewed journals, ready and waiting for you to use them.

Essential Considerations for Your Essay on Smoking

Whether you are writing a teenage smoking essay or a study of health-related issues, you need to stay objective and avoid including any judgment into your assignment. Even if you are firmly against smoking, do not let emotions direct your writing. You should also keep your language tolerant and free of offensive remarks or generalizations.

The rule of thumb is to keep your piece academic. It is an essay about smoking cigarettes you have to submit to your professor, not a blog post to share with friends.

How to Generate Endless Smoking Essay Topic Ideas

At first, it might seem that every theme has been covered by countless generations of your predecessors. However, there are ways to add a new spin to the dullest of topics. We’ll share a unique approach to generating new ideas and take the teenage smoking essay as an example. To make it fresh and exciting, you can:

Add a historic twist to your topic. For instance, research the teenage smoking statistics through the years and theorize the factors that influence the numbers.
Compare the data across the globe. You can select the best scale for your paper, comparing smoking rates in the neighboring cities, states, or countries.
Look at the question from an unexpected perspective. For instance, research how the adoption of social media influenced smoking or whether music preferences can be related to this habit.

The latter approach on our list will generate endless ideas for writing teen smoking essays. Select the one that fits your interests or is the easiest to research, depending on the time and effort you are willing to put into essay writing .

How To Write An Essay About Smoking Cigarettes

A smoking essay follows the same rules as an academic paper on any other topic. You start with an introduction, fill the body paragraphs with individual points, and wrap up using a conclusion. The filling of your “essay sandwich” will depend on the topic, but we can tell for sure what your opening and closing paragraphs should be like.

Smoking Essay Introduction

Whether you are working on an argumentative essay about smoking or a persuasive paper, your introduction is nothing but a vessel for a thesis statement. It is the core of your essay, and its absence is the first strike against you. Properly constructed thesis sums up your point of view on the economic research topics and lists the critical points you are about to highlight. If you allude to the opposing views in your thesis statement, the professor is sure to add extra points to your grade.

The first sentence is crucial for your essay, as it sets the tone and makes the first impression. Make it surprising, exciting, powerful with facts, statistics, or vivid images, and it will become a hook to lure the reader in deeper.

Round up the introduction with a transition to your first body passage and the point it will make. Otherwise, your essay might seem disjointed and patchy. Alternatively, you can use the first couple of sentences of the body paragraph as a transition.

Smoking Essay Conclusion

Any argumentative and persuasive essay on smoking must include a short conclusion. In the final passage, return to your thesis statement and repeat it in other words, highlighting the points you have made throughout the body paragraphs. You can also add final thoughts or even a personal opinion at the end to round up your assignment.

Think of the conclusion as a mirror reflection of your introduction. Start with a transition from the last body paragraph, follow it with a retelling of your thesis statement, and complete the passage with a powerful parting thought that will stay with the reader. After all, everyone remembers the first and last points most vividly, and your opening and closing sentences are likely to have a significant influence on the final grade.

Bonus Tips on How to Write a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

With the most challenging parts of the smoking essay out of the way, here are a couple of parting tips to ensure your paper gets the highest grade possible:

Do not rely on samples you find online to guide your writing. You can never tell what grade a random essay about smoking cigarettes received. Unless you use winning submissions from essay competitions, you might copy faulty techniques and data into your paper and get a reduced grade.
Do not forget to include references after the conclusion and cite the sources throughout the paper. Otherwise, you might get accused of academic dishonesty and ruin your academic record. Ask your professor about the appropriate citation style if you are not sure whether you should use APA, MLA, or Chicago.
Do not submit your smoking essay without editing and proofreading first. The best thing you can do is leave the piece alone for a day or two and come back to it with fresh eyes and mind to check for redundancies, illogical argumentation, and irrelevant examples. Professional editing software, such as Grammarly, will help with most typos and glaring errors. Still, it is up to you to go through the paper a couple of times before submission to ensure it is as close to perfection as it can get.
Do not be shy about getting help with writing smoking essays if you are out of time. Professional writers can take over any step of the writing process, from generating ideas to the final round of proofreading. Contact our agents or skip straight to the order form if you need our help to complete this assignment.

We hope our advice and ideas for writing teen smoking essays help you get out of the slump and produce a flawless piece of writing worthy of an A. For extra assistance with choosing the topic, outlining, writing, and editing, reach out to our support managers .

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Nursing — Argumentative Essay On Smoking Cigarettes

Argumentative Essay on Smoking Cigarettes

Categories: Nursing

About this sample

Words: 507 |

Published: Mar 13, 2024

Words: 507 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

Health effects of smoking, economic implications, impact on non-smokers, the case for regulation, references:.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Smoking & Tobacco Use. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/index.htm

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Dr. Karlyna PhD

Verified writer

Expert in: Nursing & Health

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

2 pages / 985 words

2 pages / 829 words

4 pages / 1732 words

1 pages / 582 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Nursing

A Better NHS. (2011). Patient autonomy and choice. Retrieved from 71-77.

Chatfield, S., Nolan, R., Crawford, J., & Hallam, J. (2016). Factors affecting adherence to hand hygiene in nursing: A systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 92(4), 305-314.Gould, D. J., Moralejo, D., Drey, N., & [...]

Ball J. & Pike G. (2009). Shift length: A literature review. Nursing Management (Harrow), 16(4), 22-25.Bogossian, F., Winters-Chang, P., & Tuckett, A. (2014). Extended work shifts and the impact on patient safety, productivity, [...]

Davis, S. H., & Berk, S. F. (Eds.). (2017). Teaching nursing: The art and science. Wolters Kluwer Health.Dossey, B. M., Keegan, L., & Guzzetta, C. E. (Eds.). (2015). Holistic nursing: A handbook for practice. Jones & Bartlett [...]

In the ever-evolving field of nursing, understanding the metaparadigm is essential for providing effective and holistic care to patients. Fawcett's Metaparadigm Summary offers a comprehensive framework that encompasses the core [...]

American Nurse Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. 5-9. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2016.09.003

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

Instructions Followed To The Letter
Deadlines Met At Every Stage
Unique And Plagiarism Free

Persuasive Essay

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Last updated on: Jun 19, 2023

Craft an Outstanding Persuasive Essay About Smoking with Our Examples and Tips

By: Caleb S.

Reviewed By: Chris H.

Published on: Jan 25, 2023

Are you trying to write a persuasive essay about smoking? Do you want to prove that this habit is dangerous and should be avoided but are unsure how to do it convincingly?

Don't worry – we've got your back!

In this blog, we will provide persuasive essay examples and tips on how to make your argument truly persuasive! We'll help you to understand the dangers of smoking and to craft persuasive evidence that will make your essay powerful and persuasive.

With our tips, you can be sure that your persuasive essay about smoking will be a success!

So let's get started!

On this Page

What is a Persuasive Essay?

A persuasive essay is written to convince your reader of a particular opinion, point of view, or stance. These essays typically use persuasive devices such as logical arguments and emotional appeals to make their point.

The goal of persuasive essays about smoking is to convince your reader that smoking is dangerous and should be avoided. With persuasive evidence and reasonable opinions, you can do that!

Explore how to develop compelling arguments in your persuasive essay about smoking with our example as a guide!

Simple Persuasive essay about smoking

Check out our extensive guide on persuasive essay if you want to learn more!

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

A persuasive essay effectively presents your opinion and makes the reader think twice about their stance on a particular issue.

Writing persuasive essays about smoking can be challenging, as there are many different arguments you can use to support your point of view.

To do this, you first need to understand the dangers of smoking and then craft persuasive evidence that supports your claims.

Persuasive speech on smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

Want more examples? See our persuasive essay examples blog!

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

Argumentative essay writing can be difficult, especially regarding topics like smoking. To make a persuasive argument, you must provide evidence that supports your stance.

We have provided persuasive essay examples about smoking to help you craft a persuasive argument on this topic.

Let's look at how to craft persuasive arguments in your argumentative essay about smoking with the help of our examples!

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

How do you make sure that your argument persuades the reader?

Here are some tips to ensure that your argument is effective.

Start With an Engaging Introduction

The introduction of your essay should set the tone for the rest of the essay. It should catch readers' attention and make them want to continue reading.

Your introduction should include a clear thesis statement summarizing your smoking opinion. This will give the reader an understanding of where you stand on this issue.

Explore our guide for a thesis statement to learn how to write an effective one!

Research is Key

When creating an argument, you want to ensure you have all the facts and figures on your side.

Do some research related to your topic to make a compelling argument. This will help give credibility to what you’re saying and convince others more easily.

Use Credible Resources

When researching for your persuasive essay, it’s important to use reliable sources like scientific journals or government websites. These sources provide factual evidence that can support your claims credibly.

When using these resources, cite them correctly to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

Construct Your Argument Logically

Once you have gathered your research, it’s time to start constructing your argument.

Using logical arguments helps keep readers engaged and allows them to see why you believe what you believe in an organized manner.

Additionally, don’t forget to include counterarguments so that readers can see both sides of the issue before forming their own opinion.

If you want to know how to construct an outline for your persuasive essay, check out our blog of persuasive essay outline !

Be Creative

The best way to get someone interested in what you have to say is by being creative with how you present it. If there are any interesting stories or anecdotes related to the topic, include them!

Doing this can help break up the monotony of an essay and make it easier for people to connect with what you’re saying.

If you want to explore some interesting topics, see our persuasive essay topics blog!

Crafting an effective persuasive essay or speech about smoking doesn’t have to be difficult if you keep these tips in mind!

You can also check out this video for creating logical arguments for your persuasive essay!

In conclusion, crafting an effective persuasive essay about smoking doesn’t have to be difficult if you keep these tips in mind! Get help from our examples to get you started on your persuasive essay.

Be sure to use persuasive language and persuasive techniques to make your point!

If you are still stuck, you can always count on MyPerfectPpaper.net to help you craft the persuasive essay you want.

Our essay writing service can provide expert persuasive writing help tailored to your needs. Our experienced persuasive essay writer can create essays that will make a lasting impression on your reader.

So, if you’re ready to get persuasive, let our " write my papers for me " service create a persuasive essay about smoking for you today!

Place your essay order at our persuasive essay writing service today!

Frequently Asked Questions

What would be a good thesis statement for smoking.

Smoking is an addiction that ruins lives. It harms not only the smoker but also those around them. Smoking should be banned in all public places to protect the health of everyone.

What is a good way to start a persuasive essay?

A good way to begin is by introducing your topic and stating your position. Then, you can provide evidence or examples to support your position. Finally, you can ask the reader to take action or think about the issue differently.

What are good topics for persuasive essays?

How to quit smoking cigarettes for good?
How to resist the temptation of smoking in difficult situations?
How to motivate yourself to stop smoking cigarettes?
How to deal with cravings for cigarettes when trying to quit smoking?
How to stay smoke-free after quitting smoking?

Marketing, Literature

Was This Blog Helpful?

Keep reading.

How to Write a Persuasive Essay - The Basics

100+ Persuasive Essay Topics That Will Hook Your Reader's Attention

Learn From the Best: Check Out Persuasive Essay Examples That Got an A+

How to Create a Persuasive Essay Outline That Stands Out

Writing a Persuasive Essay about Gun Control - Best Examples for Students

Persuasive Essay on Covid-19: Examples to Help You Persuade

Persuasive Essay About Business: Learn How To Write An Outstanding One

Achieve Perfection in Your Persuasive Essay About Bullying: Check Out Our Examples!

Write an Exceptional Persuasive Essay About Social Media – Look at Our Examples

Make Your Persuasive Essay About Death Penalty Stand Out: Tips and Examples From Experts

Make a Powerful Argument: Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Online Education

Craft an Engaging Persuasive Essay About Abortion: Examples, Topics, and Facts

Craft an Engaging Persuasive Essay About Smoking: Examples & Tips

Published on: Jan 25, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 29, 2024

Persuasive Essay-Defined

A persuasive essay is a form of academic writing that presents an argument in favor of a particular position, opinion, or viewpoint.

It is usually written to convince the audience to take a certain action or adopt a specific viewpoint.

The primary purpose of this type of essay is to provide evidence and arguments that support the writer's opinion.

In persuasive writing, the writer will often use facts, logic, and emotion to convince the reader that their stance is correct.

The writer can persuade the reader to consider or agree with their point of view by presenting a well-researched and logically structured argument.

The goal of a persuasive essay is not to sway the reader's opinion. It is to rather inform and educate them on a particular topic or issue.

Check this free downloadable example of a persuasive essay about smoking!

Simple Persuasive essay about smoking

Read our extensive guide on persuasive essays to learn more about crafting a masterpiece every time.

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Are you a student looking for some useful tips to write an effective persuasive essay about the dangers of smoking?

Look no further! Here are several great examples of persuasive essays that masterfully tackle the subject and persuade readers creatively.

Persuasive speech on the smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

For more examples about persuasive essays, check out our blog on persuasive essay examples .

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

Our examples can help you find the points that work best for your style and argument.

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

10 Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Here are a few tips and tricks to make your persuasive essay about smoking stand out:

1. Do Your Research

Before you start writing, make sure to do thorough research on the topic of smoking and its effects.

Look for primary and secondary sources that provide valuable information about the issue.

2. Create an Outline

An outline is essential when organizing your thoughts and ideas into a cohesive structure. This can help you organize your arguments and counterarguments.

Read our blog about creating a persuasive essay outline to master your next essay.

Check out this amazing video here!

3. Clearly Define the Issue

Make sure your writing identifies the problem of smoking and why it should be stopped.

4. Highlight Consequences

Show readers the possible negative impacts of smoking, like cancer, respiratory issues, and addiction.

5. Identity Solutions

Provide viable solutions to the problem, such as cessation programs, cigarette alternatives, and lifestyle changes.

6. Be Research-Oriented

Research facts about smoking and provide sources for those facts that can be used to support your argument.

7. Aim For the Emotions

Use powerful language and vivid imagery to draw readers in and make them feel like you do about smoking.

8. Use Personal Stories

Share personal stories or anecdotes of people who have successfully quit smoking and those negatively impacted by it.

9. Include an Action Plan

Offer step-by-step instructions on how to quit smoking, and provide resources for assistance effectively.

10. Reference Experts

Incorporate quotes and opinions from medical professionals, researchers, or other experts in the field.

These tips can help you write an effective persuasive essay about smoking and its negative effects on the body, mind, and society.

When your next writing assignment has you feeling stuck, don't forget that essay examples about smoking are always available to break through writer's block.

And if you need help getting started, our expert essay writer at CollegeEssay.org is more than happy to assist.

Just give us your details, and our persuasive essay writer will start working on crafting a masterpiece.

We provide top-notch essay writing service online to help you get the grades you deserve and boost your career.

Try our AI writing tool today to save time and effort!

Frequently Asked Questions

What would be a good thesis statement for smoking.

A good thesis statement for smoking could be: "Smoking has serious health risks that outweigh any perceived benefits, and its use should be strongly discouraged."

What are good topics for persuasive essays?

Good topics for persuasive essays include the effects of smoking on health, the dangers of second-hand smoke, the economic implications of tobacco taxes, and ways to reduce teenage smoking.

These topics can be explored differently to provide a unique and engaging argument.

Cathy A. (Marketing, Literature)

For more than five years now, Cathy has been one of our most hardworking authors on the platform. With a Masters degree in mass communication, she knows the ins and outs of professional writing. Clients often leave her glowing reviews for being an amazing writer who takes her work very seriously.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That’s our Job!

Keep reading

Legal & Policies

Privacy Policy
Cookies Policy
Terms of Use
Refunds & Cancellations
Our Writers
Success Stories
Our Guarantees
Affiliate Program
Referral Program
AI Essay Writer

Disclaimer: All client orders are completed by our team of highly qualified human writers. The essays and papers provided by us are not to be used for submission but rather as learning models only.

Environment
Information Science
Social Issues
Argumentative
Cause and Effect
Classification
Compare and Contrast
Descriptive
Exemplification
Informative
Controversial
Exploratory
What Is an Essay
Length of an Essay
Generate Ideas
Types of Essays
Structuring an Essay
Outline For Essay
Essay Introduction
Thesis Statement
Body of an Essay
Writing a Conclusion
Essay Writing Tips
Drafting an Essay
Revision Process
Fix a Broken Essay
Format of an Essay
Essay Examples
Essay Checklist
Essay Writing Service
Pay for Research Paper
Write My Research Paper
Write My Essay
Custom Essay Writing Service
Admission Essay Writing Service
Pay for Essay
Academic Ghostwriting
Write My Book Report
Case Study Writing Service
Dissertation Writing Service
Coursework Writing Service
Lab Report Writing Service
Do My Assignment
Buy College Papers
Capstone Project Writing Service
Buy Research Paper
Custom Essays for Sale

Can’t find a perfect paper?

Free Essay Samples

Essays on Smoking

Essay-writers in each smoking essay emphasize the dangers of smoking, and fairly so. After all, smoking is one of the most widespread bad habits in the world – there are about 2 billion smokers worldwide. It is a detrimental habit, as cigarette smoke contains more than 30 toxic components – you can go into them one by one in your essays on smoking. It's no secret how dangerous smoking is, however, around 18 billion cigarettes are sold globally every day. Smoking essays often include a lot of statistics, as facts speak louder than opinions. An estimated $50 billion a year is spent on treating smoking-related diseases in the United States alone. This means that for every pack of cigarettes, about $2 are spent on treating smoking-related diseases. Crazy, right? If you need more info on smoking for your essays, review our smoking essay samples.

Smoking and its Impact on Health Smoking predisposes one to various health problems including cancer of the lung, addiction, and adoption of harmful behaviors. Amongst adult smokers, smoking patterns have shown no significant reduction and a possible rise in smoking in the young individuals and the preteens has been reported (Lando,...

Words: 1022

1. Do you agree with the no smoking law in all public buildings in the state of Illinois? Should other states pass this law? What are the physical effects of second hand smoke on a child's airway? Should smoking in the presence of young children be...

Smoking in Public Places: A Health Hazard Smoking in public places is a health hazard for the smokers as well as the non-smoking public. The main dangers of smoking in public are often health-related as well as accident fires. More fatalities arise from public smoking are connected to the adverse effects...

Words: 1538

The World Health Organization suggests that approximately 5 million people die every year in the world because of tobacco use. Further, the report argues that, “the use of tobacco may cause about one billion deaths in the 21st century if current trends continue” (World Health Organization, " Research for International...

The Health Risks of Public Smoking The ban on smoking in public spaces has been an ongoing topic of discussion in different health platforms all over the world. Every year, several people are reported to die from lung cancer and other smoking-related health conditions. Nonetheless, despite the several reported deaths, tobacco...

Words: 1695

The number of the individuals who smoke has risen over the years. Even though they are aware of how harmful smoking can be, the public still decides to use a cigarette. It is an individual decision, and it is a habit which is extremely addictive. It is not the responsibility...

Words: 1413

Found a perfect essay sample but want a unique one?

Request writing help from expert writer in you feed!

The opening sentence The opening sentence used by the author does not induce vigor of reading the article. Words arrangement in the sentence is not right, it should have read, ‘Herbert A. Gilbert filed the first electronic cigarette for a patent in 1963.’ The writer assumes that the reader knows what...

The Importance of Tobacco Control Policies Over the years, tobacco smoking has become a worldwide concern for health. Thus, the US government alongside other countries has been on the move in passing policies and ordinances which control the use of tobacco. The health implications associated with tobacco smoking have been more...

Smoking is an endemic problem that not only affects smokers, but also goes as far as affecting innocent non-smoking public. At the core of this problem is the issue of smoking in public places. Being a risk to public health a ban on public smoking can be a life saver,...

Introduction Even though almost every smoker realizes the harm caused by smoking, the number of smokers in the world remains enormous. Due to a low price, availability, legality, and the promotion of cigarettes in the media, almost every second there is a new person that starts smoking. The main reason for...

Words: 1220

The cigarette is one of the deadliest drugs known to human beings. In the developed countries, there are attempts to minimize the smoking rates. There are different measures which have been suggested to help reduce the risks posed by consumption of the drug which includes increased taxes, bans on cigarette...

Words: 1017

The Question of Outlawing Cigarettes and Tobacco Products The question of whether cigarettes and other tobacco products should be outlawed is still an argument as many agree as well as disagree from the same. Tobacco is a plant which is grown and contains nicotine which affects one to be dependent on...

Words: 1040

Writing Persuasive Essays About Smoking? Use These Samples

By: Donna C.

Reviewed By: Jacklyn H.

Published on: Jan 25, 2023

Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States, and it's not just smokers who are affected.

It's hard to find good essay examples about smoking that will help you write convincing arguments.

Occasionally when you're trying to find examples of persuasive essays, you end up reading articles that are poorly written.

We can arm you with persuasive essay examples about smoking that will help you write convincing arguments.

Let’s get started.

On this Page

What Is A Persuasive Essay?

A persuasive essay is a type of writing that seeks to convince the reader to accept a particular point of view.

It is written to persuade readers to take action or adopt a certain viewpoint.

Most people prefer writing on controversial persuasive essay topics , as they are perfect for arguing.

They may include a call to action or an appeal to emotion, but they should always be backed up with evidence.

The goal of a persuasive essay is to convince readers that your opinion is valid and worthy of consideration.

Here is a simple example to improve your understanding.

Simple Persuasive essay about smoking

Tough Essay Due? Hire Tough Writers!

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Writing a persuasive essay about smoking requires an understanding of why it is both beneficial and detrimental.

Here are some examples about smoking that can provide inspiration for your writing:

Persuasive speech on smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

Struggling to start your essay? Checkout how you can create a persuasive essay outline !

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

To help you better understand how to write an argumentative essay about smoking, let's look at some examples.

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

Looking for more samples? Check out these persuasive essay examples !

Tips For Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Writing a persuasive essay about cigarette smoking can be challenging. Here are some tips you can follow to make the writing process easier.

1. Show the facts

Include statistics, examples, and case studies to build a strong argument for why smoking should be banned or discouraged.

2. Be direct

Make sure your message is clear and convincing by getting straight to the point when making your argument.

3. Speak from experience

Share personal experiences with smoking or stories of others you have heard to make your argument more powerful.

4. Acknowledge the other side

Be sure to address any counterarguments and acknowledge why people may disagree with you. You should also try to explain why your position is stronger.

5. Emphasize the consequences

Showing how smoking can harm a person’s health, and the environment can make your argument even more compelling. For example, you can talk about how smoking leads to lung cancer.

This video talks about some consequences of smoking that you can use.

6. Call to action

End your essay with a call to action that encourages readers to take steps towards further educating themselves on the issue. For example, you can ask the reader to stop smoking for the good of their children.

7. Lead by example

Advocating for anti-smoking initiatives will help spread your message and convince more people to reconsider their lifestyle choices.

Remember, smoking is a serious issue with potentially life-threatening consequences. The only way to combat it effectively is by being persuasive and getting our message across.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

To sum up, writing a persuasive essay about smoking can be a powerful way to spread awareness about smoking. Using facts, examples, stories, and CTAs, you can create an essay that will convince stubborn smokers to reconsider their lifestyle choices.

Remember, your words have power – use them for good and help make a difference in the fight against smoking!

At SharkPapers.com, we provide a comprehensive essay writing service to help you create an effective argument.

Our expert persuasive essay writers have the necessary experience to craft a compelling argument that convinces your reader.

From crafting an outline and writing the content, our essay writer will ensure that your persuasive essay stands out. This is why we strive to provide you with the best persuasive essay writing service tailored specifically to your needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

What would be a good thesis statement for smoking.

A good thesis statement for a persuasive essay on smoking could be something like this:

“Smoking is not only dangerous to your health, but it also costs taxpayers billions of dollars each year in healthcare expenses. Additionally, cigarettes are a leading cause of fires and death in the United States. For all these reasons, it's clear that smoking should be banned.”

What are good topics for persuasive essays?

Here are some good topics for persuasive essays on smoking:

The dangers of smoking and the health risks associated with it.
How smoking affects non-smokers, including children, through secondhand smoke.
How quitting smoking can improve your overall health and extend your life expectancy.

Marketing, Literature

Donna writes on a broad range of topics, but she is mostly passionate about social issues, current events, and human-interest stories. She has received high praise for her writing from both colleagues and readers alike. Donna is known in her field for creating content that is not only professional but also captivating.

Was This Blog Helpful?

Keep reading.

How To Write a Persuasive Essay That Wins Over Your Reader

200 Great Persuasive Essay Topics to Help Get You Started

14 Persuasive Essay Examples to Help You Get Started

How to Write a Persuasive Essay Outline: The Ultimate Guide

10+ Persuasive Essay About Gun Control Examples and Topics

Persuasive Essay About Covid-19: 11 Examples that Inspire

Writing a Persuasive Essay about Business: Examples & Tips

Writing a Persuasive Essay about Abortion: Tips and Examples

Persuasive Essay About Online Education Examples to Help You Out

Write a Persuasive Essay About Bullying With Our Examples

Learning From Pros To Write Persuasive Essays About Social Media

Crafting a Compelling Persuasive Essay About Death Penalty

Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions | Contact Us

Your phone no.
Confirm Password
I have read Privacy Policy and agree to the Terms and Conditions .

FORGOT PASSWORD

SEND PASSWORD

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Publications
Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

Advanced Search
Journal List
Taylor & Francis Open Select

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

Robert west.

a Department of Behavioural Science and Health , University College London , London, UK

Background and objectives : Despite reductions in prevalence in recent years, tobacco smoking remains one of the main preventable causes of ill-health and premature death worldwide. This paper reviews the extent and nature of harms caused by smoking, the benefits of stopping, patterns of smoking, psychological, pharmacological and social factors that contribute to uptake and maintenance of smoking, the effectiveness of population and individual level interventions aimed at combatting tobacco smoking, and the effectiveness of methods used to reduce the harm caused by continued use of tobacco or nicotine in some form.

Results and conclusions : Smoking behaviour is maintained primarily by the positive and negative reinforcing properties of nicotine delivered rapidly in a way that is affordable and palatable, with the negative health consequences mostly being sufficiently uncertain and distant in time not to create sufficient immediate concern to deter the behaviour. Raising immediate concerns about smoking by tax increases, social marketing and brief advice from health professionals can increase the rate at which smokers try to stop. Providing behavioural and pharmacological support can improve the rate at which those quit attempts succeed. Implementing national programmes containing these components are effective in reducing tobacco smoking prevalence and reducing smoking-related death and disease.

Introduction

The continued popularity of tobacco smoking appears to defy rational explanation. Smokers mostly acknowledge the harm they are doing to themselves and many report that they do not enjoy it – yet they continue to smoke (Fidler & West, 2011 ; Ussher, Brown, Rajamanoharan, & West, 2014 ). The reason is that nicotine from cigarettes generates strong urges to smoke that undermine and overwhelm concerns about the negative consequences of smoking, and the resolve not to smoke in those trying to stop (West & Shiffman, 2016 ). Progress is being made in many countries in reducing smoking prevalence but it remains one of the main causes of ill health and premature death worldwide (Gowing et al., 2015 ).

This paper provides a broad overview of smoking in terms of: the health effects, benefits of stopping, prevalence and patterns of use, psychological, pharmacological and social factors leading to uptake and maintenance of the behaviour, effectiveness of population level and individual level interventions to combat it, and methods used to reduce the harm despite continued use of tobacco or nicotine.

Definitions of smoking and smoking cessation

Tobacco smoking consists of drawing into the mouth, and usually the lungs, smoke from burning tobacco (West & Shiffman, 2016 ). The type of product smoked is most commonly cigarettes, but can also include cigarillos, cigars, pipes or water pipes. ‘Smokeless’ tobacco is also popular in some parts of the world. This typically involves using tobacco preparations for chewing, sniffing into the nose or placing as a wad in the mouth between the cheeks and gums (Critchley & Unal, 2003 ). Smokeless tobacco use has features that are similar to smoking and can carry significant health risks (Critchley & Unal, 2003 ); however, this article focuses on smoked tobacco only as this has been the subject of by far the largest volume of research and is the most harmful form of tobacco use.

Stopping smoking usually involves an intention not to smoke any more cigarettes from a given point in time (a ‘quit attempt’), followed by self-conscious resistance of urges to smoke resulting in a period of abstinence. If someone making a quit attempt smokes one or more cigarettes on an occasion but then resumes abstinence, this is usually termed a ‘lapse’. If this person resumes smoking on a regular basis s/he is said to have ‘relapsed’. ‘Short-term abstinence’ is commonly defined in terms of achieving up to 4 weeks of abstinence. ‘Long-term abstinence’ often refers to abstinence for at least 6 months but more typically involves abstinence for at least 12 months. There is no agreed criterion for deciding when someone has ‘stopped smoking’ so it is essential when using the term to be clear about how long the abstinence period has been.

Health impact of smoking and the benefits of stopping

Tobacco smoking increases the risk of contracting a wide range of diseases, many of which are fatal. Stopping smoking at any age is beneficial compared with continuing to smoke. For some diseases, the risk can be reversed while for others the risk is approximately frozen at the point when smoking stopped.

Health impact of smoking

Table Table1 1 lists the main causes of death from smoking. Tobacco smoking is estimated to lead to the premature death of approximately 6 million people worldwide and 96,000 in the UK each year (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016b ; World Health Organization, 2013 ). A ‘premature death from smoking’ is defined as a death from a smoking-related disease in an individual who would otherwise have died later from another cause. On average, these premature deaths involve 10 years of life years lost (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004 ). Many of these deaths occur in people who have stopped smoking but whose health has already been harmed by smoking. It also happens to be the case that smokers who do not stop smoking lose an average of 10 years of life expectancy compared with never-smokers and they start to suffer diseases of old age around 10 years earlier than non-smokers (Jha & Peto, 2014 ).

Most smoking-related deaths arise from cancers (mainly lung cancer), respiratory disease (mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – COPD), and cardiovascular disease (mainly coronary heart disease) (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016b ). Smoking is an important risk factor for stroke, blindness, deafness, back pain, osteoporosis, and peripheral vascular disease (leading to amputation) (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004 ). After the age of 40, smokers on average have higher levels of pain and disability than non-smokers (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004 ).

Smoking in both women and men reduces fertility (Action on Smoking and Health, 2013 ). Smoking in pregnancy causes underdevelopment of the foetus and increases the risk of miscarriage, neonatal death, respiratory disease in the offspring, and is probably a cause of mental health problems in the offspring (Action on Smoking and Health, 2013 ).

People used to think that smoking was protective against Alzheimer’s disease but we now know that the opposite is the case: it is a major risk factor for both Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia (Ferri et al., 2011 ; US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004 ).

There is a positive association between average daily cigarette consumption and risk of smoking-related disease, but in the case of cardiovascular disease the association is non-linear, so that low levels of cigarette consumption carry a higher risk than would be expected from a simple linear relationship (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004 ).

Tobacco smoke contains biologically significant concentrations of known carcinogens as well as many other toxic chemicals. Some of these, including a number of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (particularly NNK and NNN) are constituents of tobacco, largely as a result of the way it is processed, while others such as benzopyrine result from combustion of tobacco (Action on Smoking and Health, 2014b ). These chemicals form part of the particulate matter in smoke. Tobacco smoke also contains the gas, carbon monoxide (CO). CO is a potent toxin, displacing oxygen from haemoglobin molecules. However, acutely the amount of CO in tobacco smoke is too small to lead to hypoxia and the body produces increased numbers of red blood cells to compensate.

The nicotine in tobacco smoke may cause a small part of the increase in cardiovascular disease but none or almost none of the increase in risk of respiratory disease or cancer (Benowitz, 1997 , 1998 ). It is the other components of cigarette smoke that do almost all the damage. It has been proposed on the basis of studies with other species that nicotine damages the adolescent brain but there is no evidence for clinically significant deficits in cognition or emotion in adults who smoked during adolescence and then stopped (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004 ).

Exposure to second-hand smoke carries a significant risk for both children and adults. Thus, non-smokers who are exposed to a smoky environment have an increased risk of cancer, heart disease and respiratory disease (Action on Smoking and Health, 2014a ).

Benefits of stopping smoking

Table Table1 1 lists the main benefits of stopping smoking. Smokers who stop before their mid-30s have approximately the same life expectancy as never smokers (Doll, Peto, Boreham, & Sutherland, 2004 ; Pirie, Peto, Reeves, Green, & Beral, 2013 ). After the age of 35 years or so, stopping smoking recovers 2–3 months of healthy life expectancy for every year of smoking avoided, or 4–6 h for every day (Jha & Peto, 2014 ).

Stopping smoking has different effects on different smoking-related diseases. Excess risk of heart attack caused by smoking reduces by 50% within 12 months of stopping smoking. Stopping smoking returns the rate of decline in lung function to the normal age-related decline, but does not reverse this; it reduces the frequency of ‘exacerbations’ (acute attacks of breathing difficulty resulting in death or hospitalisation) in COPD patients (US Surgeon General, 1990 ). Stopping smoking ‘freezes’ the risk of smoking-related cancers at the level experienced when stopping occurs but does not decrease it in absolute terms (US Surgeon General, 1990 ).

Smokers who stop show reduced levels of stress and mood disorder than those who continue (Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2013 ). They also report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction than those who continue (Shahab & West, 2009 , 2012 ). This suggests that smoking may harm mental health, though other explanations cannot be ruled out on the current evidence.

Prevalence and patterns of smoking

Smoking prevalence.

There are estimated to be approximately 1 billion tobacco smokers worldwide (Eriksen, Mackay, & Ross, 2013 ), amounting to approximately 30% of men and 7% of women (Gowing et al., 2015 ).

Cigarette smoking prevalence in Great Britain was estimated to be 16.9% in 2015, the most recent year for which figures are available at the time of writing: slightly lower in women than men (Office of National Satistics, 2016 ). Smoking in Great Britain has declined by 0.7 percentage points per year since 2001 (from 26.9% of adults in 2001). In Australia, daily cigarette smoking has declined by 0.6 percentage points per year over a similar time period (from 22.4% of adults aged 18 + years in 2001 to 14.5% in 2015) (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015 ). However, international comparisons are confused by different countries using a different definition of what counts as being a smoker, and different methods for assessing prevalence. Australia only counts daily smokers in their headline figures. The situation in the US is even more misleading. The headline prevalence figure for the US is below 16%, but this does not include occasional smokers and people who smoke cigarillos which are essentially cigarettes in all but name and which have become increasingly popular in recent years. So the figure for prevalence that is most comparable to the figure for Great Britain is 20% (Jamal, 2016 ).

With the above caveats in mind, the figures in Table Table2 2 for smoking prevalence in world regions in men and women provide very broad estimates (Gowing et al., 2015 ). Most noteworthy is that smoking prevalence in men is more than four times that in women globally but that the difference is much less in most parts of Europe, and that Eastern Europe as a whole has the highest smoking prevalence of any region in the world.

Note: Current smoking of any tobacco product, adults aged 15 years and older, age-standardised rate, by gender. ‘Tobacco smoking’ includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes or any other smoked tobacco products. ‘Current smoking’ includes both daily and non-daily or occasional smoking. From Gowing et al. ( 2015 ).

Smoking patterns

The most common age of first trying a cigarette in countries that have been studied is 10–15 years (Action on Smoking and Health, 2015b ; Talip, Murang, Kifli, & Naing, 2016 ); take up of regular smoking usually continues up to early 20s (Dierker et al., 2008 ).

Average daily cigarette consumption among smokers in the US and UK has declined steadily since the 1970s. In the UK, it is currently 11 cigarettes per day, and non-daily smoking is very rare (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016c ; Jarvis, Giovino, O’Connor, Kozlowski, & Bernert, 2014 ). Smokers take in an average of 1–1.5 mg of nicotine per cigarette (US Department of Health Human Services, 2014 ). The US figures on patterns of smoking are distorted by not counting ‘cigarillos’ and other smoked tobacco products which are used very much like cigarettes, whose prevalence has increased in recent years (Jamal et al., 2015 ). The reduction in daily cigarette consumption has not been accompanied by a reduction in daily nicotine intake (Jarvis et al., 2014 ). This could be due to the use of other smoked tobacco products (in the case of the US) or smokers smoking their cigarettes more intensively (taking more, deeper or longer puffs).

Smokers in England spend an average of £23 per week on cigarettes and this figure is slowly rising (West & Brown, 2015 ). In the UK, hand-rolled cigarettes have become increasingly popular with 34% of smokers currently reporting use of these products (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016c ). Men and people in more deprived socio-economic groups are more likely to smoke hand-rolled cigarettes (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016c ).

In most countries, there are strong negative associations between smoking prevalence and educational level, affluence and mental health; and positive associations with alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016a , 2016c ; Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2013 ; Talati, Keyes, & Hasin, 2016 ). In the UK, average daily cigarette consumption is higher for men than women, and higher in smokers in more deprived socio-economic groups and those with mental health problems (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016c ).

Psychological, pharmacological and social factors involved in smoking and smoking cessation

The natural history of smoking can be modelled as states and factors that influence the transition between these. Figure Figure1 1 shows transitions that have been researched – the variables identified in the diagram are listed descriptively without attempting to explain how they may be connected.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is gpsh_a_1325890_f0001_b.jpg

Factors associated with transitions in the natural history of smoking (parentheses indicate negative associations).

Smoking initiation

Important factors predicting initiation in western societies are: having friends who smoke, having parents who smoke, low social grade, tendency to mental health problems and impulsivity (Action on Smoking and Health, 2015b ). Transition to daily smoking follows a highly variable pattern sometimes being very rapid and sometimes taking several years (Schepis & Rao, 2005 ). Important factors predicting transition to regular smoking are: having friends who smoke, weak academic orientation, low parental support, pro-smoking attitudes, drinking alcohol and low socio-economic status (Action on Smoking and Health, 2015b ).

Smoking initiation has a ‘heritability’ (the proportion of variance in a characteristic that is attributable to genetic rather than environmental variance) of approximately 30–50% in western societies (Vink, Willemsen, & Boomsma, 2005 ). This means that differences in genetic make-up account for almost half of the difference in likelihood of starting smoking between individuals. This does not mean that environmental factors do not also play a crucial role as is evident from the very large decline in smoking initiation since the 1970s in many western countries.

The heritability of cigarette addiction (as distinct from smoking) is approximately 70–80% in western societies (Vink et al., 2005 ). Cigarette addiction here refers to the extent to which someone experiences a strong need to smoke. It is usually indexed by a combination of number of cigarettes per day and time from waking to smoking the first cigarette of the day (Kozlowski, Porter, Orleans, Pope, & Heatherton, 1994 ). It can also be indexed by the self-reported strength of urges to smoke (Fidler, Shahab, & West, 2011 ). Heritability of cigarette addiction, as indexed by failure of attempts to stop, is higher than the heritability for smoking and for initiation of smoking. This suggests that differences in genetic inheritance play a larger role in being able to stop smoking than in starting to smoke.

Cigarette addiction

Cigarette addiction stems from the fact that smoking provides highly controllable doses of the drug, nicotine, rapidly to the brain in a form that is accessible, affordable and palatable (West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ). Nicotine provided more slowly, for example by the nicotine transdermal patch, is much less addictive. It is possible that one or more mono-amine oxidase inhibitors in cigarette smoke add to, or synergise, the addictive properties of nicotine (Hogg, 2016 ).

The psychopharmacology of cigarette addiction is complex and far from fully understood. The following paragraphs summarise the current narrative.

Nicotine resembles the naturally occurring neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, sufficiently to attach itself to a subset of neuronal receptors for this neurotransmitter in the brain. These are called ‘nicotinic acetylcholine receptors’. When it does this with receptors in the ventral tegmental area in the midbrain, it causes an increased rate of firing of the nerves projecting forward from that area to another part of the brain called the nucleus accumbens. This causes release of another neurotransmitter called dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.

Dopamine release and uptake by neurones in the nucleus accumbens is believed to be central to all addictive behaviours. It acts as a neural ‘teaching signal’ which causes the brain to form an association between the current situation as perceived and the impulse to engage in whatever action immediately preceded this release. In the case of smoking, this creates an urge to smoke in situations in which smoking frequently occurs. These are often referred to as ‘cue-driven smoking urges’ or ‘situational cravings’ (West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ). This explains why even non-daily smokers often find it difficult to stop smoking altogether.

Repeated ingestion of nicotine from cigarettes causes changes to the functioning of the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens such that when brain concentrations of nicotine are lower than usual, there is an abnormally low level of neural activity in these regions. This leads to feelings of need for behaviours that have in the past restored normal functioning, typically smoking. This feeling of need can be thought of as a kind of ‘nicotine hunger’, also called ‘background craving’ (West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ). This is probably why time between waking and first cigarette of the day is a useful predictor of difficulty stopping smoking (Vangeli, Stapleton, Smit, Borland, & West, 2011 ). So ‘cue-driven smoking urges’ and ‘nicotine hunger’ are important factors contributing to smoking behaviour and thought to be the primary mechanisms underpinning cigarette addiction (West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ).

When smokers abstain from cigarettes, within a few hours many of them start to experience nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms from a drug are temporary symptoms that arise when the drug dose is reduced or use is terminated. They arise from neural adaptation to the presence of the drug in the central nervous system. For smoking, the most common early onset symptoms are: irritability, restlessness and difficult concentrating. Depression and anxiety have also been observed in some smokers. These symptoms typically last 1 to 4 weeks (West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ).

After a day or two of stopping smoking, many smokers experience other symptoms: increased appetite, constipation, mouth ulcers, cough, and weight gain. Increased appetite tends to last for at least 3 months; weight gain (averaging around 6 kg) tends to be permanent; other symptoms tend to last a few weeks. The increased appetite, weight gain and constipation arise from termination of nicotine intake but the others are probably related to other effects of stopping smoking (West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ).

Any of the above effects of abstinence may in individual cases promote resumption of smoking following a quit attempt but statistically the association is inconsistent and weak; the main factors driving relapse appear to be cue-driven smoking urges and nicotine hunger (Fidler & West, 2011 ; West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ).

Many smokers report that smoking helps them cope with stress and increases their ability to concentrate. However, this appears to be because when they go for a period without smoking they experience nicotine withdrawal symptoms that are relieved by smoking. Long-term smokers who stop report lower levels of stress than when they were smoking and no reduction in ability to concentrate (West, 2009 ; West & Shiffman, 2016 ).

It is commonly thought that smokers with mental health problems are using cigarettes to ‘self-medicate’ or treat their psychological symptoms. However, the evidence indicates that neither nicotine nor smoking improves psychological symptoms, and people with serious mental health disorders who stop smoking do not experience a worsening of mental health. In fact some studies have found an improvement (Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2013 ).

Smoking cessation

For most smokers, cessation requires a determined attempt to stop and then sufficient resolve in the following weeks and months to overcome what are often powerful urges to smoke. Factors that predict quit attempts differ from those that predict the success of those attempts (Vangeli et al., 2011 ). Approximately 5% of unaided quit attempts succeed for at least 6 months (Hughes, Keely, & Naud, 2004 ). Relapse after this point is estimated to be around 50% over subsequent years (Stapleton & West, 2012 ).

The most common self-reported reasons for smoking are stress relief and enjoyment, with around half of smokers reporting these smoking motives. Weight control, aiding concentration and socialising are also quite commonly cited (Fidler & West, 2009 ). Smoking for supposed stress relief, improved concentration, weight control or other functions has not been found to be related to attempts to stop or success of attempts to stop (Fidler & West, 2009 ). Smokers who report enjoying smoking are less likely to try to stop but not less likely to succeed if they do try (Fidler & West, 2011 ). In addition, having a positive smoker identity (liking being a smoker) predicts not trying to quit, over and above enjoyment of smoking (Fidler & West, 2009 ).

No clear association has been found between the number of times smokers have tried to stop in the past and their chances of success the next time they try (Vangeli et al., 2011 ). However, having tried to stop in the past few months is predictive of failure of the next quit attempt (Zhou et al., 2009 ). Belief in the harm caused by smoking is predictive of smokers making quit attempts but not the success of those attempts (Vangeli et al., 2011 ).

Some clinical studies have found that women were less likely to succeed in quit attempts than men but large population studies have found no difference in success rates between the genders (Vangeli et al., 2011 ) so it may be the case that women who seek help with stopping have greater difficulty than men who seek help with stopping.

Number of cigarettes smoked per day, time between waking and the first cigarette of the day and rated strength of urges to smoke prior to a quit attempt have been found to predict success of quit attempts (Vangeli et al., 2011 ).

Quit attempts that involve gradual reduction are less likely to succeed than those that involve quitting abruptly, even after controlling statistically for measures of cigarette addiction, confidence in quitting, other methods used to quit (e.g. nicotine replacement therapy) and sociodemographic factors (Lindson-Hawley et al., 2016 ).

Interventions to combat smoking

There is extensive evidence on interventions that can reduce smoking prevalence, either by reducing initiation or promoting cessation. Table Table3 3 lists those that have the strongest evidence.

Population-level interventions

Increasing the financial cost of smoking through tax increases and control of illicit supply on average reduces overall consumption with a typical price elasticity globally of 0.4 (meaning that for every 10% increase in the real cost there is a 4% decrease in the number of cigarettes purchased). Most of the effect is in getting smokers to reduce their daily cigarette consumption so the effect on smoking prevalence has been found to be an average of a 1–2 percentage point prevalence reduction for every 10% increase in the real cost (Levy, Huang, Havumaki, & Meza, 2016 ). It has been claimed that increasing taxes on tobacco increases the amount of smuggling of cheap tobacco, but the evidence does not support this (Action on Smoking and Health, 2015a ; Joossens & Raw, 2003 ).

Social marketing campaigns (e.g. TV advertising) can prevent smoking uptake, increase the rate at which smokers try to quit and improve the chances of success. This can lead to a reduction in smoking prevalence. Their effectiveness varies considerably with intensity, type of campaign and context (Bala, Strzeszynski, Topor-Madry, & Cahill, 2013 ; Hoffman & Tan, 2015 ).

Legislating to ban smoking in all indoor public areas may have a one-off effect on reducing smoking prevalence but findings are inconsistent across different countries (Bala et al., 2013 ). For example, in countries such as France it was not possible to detect an effect while in England, there did appear to be a decline in prevalence following the ban.

Although it is hard to show conclusively, circumstantial evidence suggests that banning tobacco advertising and putting large graphic health warnings on cigarette packets may have reduced smoking prevalence in some countries (Hoffman & Tan, 2015 ; Noar et al., 2016 ).

Individual-level interventions to promote smoking cessation

Brief advice.

Brief advice to stop smoking from a physician and offer of support to all smokers, regardless of motivation to quit, has been found in randomised trials to increase rate of quitting by an average of 2 percentage points of all those receiving it, whether or not they were initially interested in quitting (Stead et al., 2013 ). The offer of support appears to be more effective in getting smokers to try to quit than just advising smokers to stop (Aveyard, Begh, Parsons, & West, 2012 ).

Pharmacotherapy

Using a form of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT: transdermal patch, chewing gum, nasal spray, mouth spray, lozenge, inhalator, dissolvable strip) for at least 6 weeks from the start of a quit attempt increases the chances of long-term success of that quit attempt by about 3–7 percentage points if the user is under the care of a health professional or provided as part of a structured support programme (Stead et al., 2012 ). Some studies have found that NRT when bought from a shop and used without any additional structured support does not improve the chances of success at stopping (Kotz, Brown, & West, 2014a , 2014b ). A small proportion of people who use NRT to stop smoking continue to use it for months or even years after stopping smoking, but NRT appears to carry minimal risk to long-term users (Royal College of Physicians, 2016 ; Stead et al., 2012 ).

Data are sparse but at present, using an electronic cigarette in a quit attempt appears to increase the chances of success at stopping on average by an amount broadly similar to that from NRT; the variety of products available and the greater similarity to smoking appear to make them more attractive to many smokers as a means of stopping than NRT (McNeill et al., 2015 ; Royal College of Physicians, 2016 ). Electronic cigarettes deliver nicotine to users by heating a liquid containing nicotine, propylene glycol or glycerol and usually flavourings to create a vapour that is inhaled. They appear to carry minimal acute risk to users. If they are used long-term, their risk is almost certainly much less than that of smoking (based on concentrations of chemicals in the vapour) (McNeill et al., 2015 ; Royal College of Physicians, 2016 ).

‘Dual-form NRT’ (combining a transdermal NRT patch and one of the other forms) increases the chances of success at stopping more than ‘single-form NRT’ (just using one of the products) (Stead et al., 2012 ). Starting to use a nicotine transdermal patch several weeks before the target quit date may improve the chances of success at quitting compared with starting on the quit date (Stead et al., 2012 ).

Taking the prescription anti-depressant, bupropion (brand name Zyban), improves the chances of success of quit attempts by a similar amount to single-form NRT (Hughes, Stead, Hartmann-Boyce, Cahill, & Lancaster, 2014 ). Bupropion often leads to sleep disturbance and carries a very small risk of seizure. Bupropion probably works by reducing urges to smoke rather than any effect on depressed mood, but how it does this is not known. It is contra-indicated in pregnant smokers and people with an elevated seizure risk or history of eating disorder (Hughes et al, 2014 ). Taking the tricyclic anti-depressant, nortriptyline also improves the chances of success of quit attempts, probably by about the same amount as bupropion and NRT (Hughes et al., 2014 ). Its mechanism of action is not known. Nortriptyline often leads to dry mouth and sleep disorder and can be fatal in overdose (Hughes et al., 2014 ).

Taking the nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, varenicline (brand name Chantix in the US and Champix elsewhere), improves the chances of success by about 50% more than bupropion or single-form NRT (Cahill, Lindson-Hawley, Thomas, Fanshawe, & Lancaster, 2016 ). This is true for smokers with or without a psychiatric disorder (Anthenelli et al., 2016 ). Varenicline appears to work both by reducing urges to smoke and the rewarding effect of nicotine should a lapse occur (West, Baker, Cappelleri, & Bushmakin, 2008 ). Varenicline often leads to sleep disturbance and nausea. Serious neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular adverse reactions have been reported, but in comparative studies these have not been found to be more common than placebo or NRT (Anthenelli et al., 2016 ; Cahill et al., 2016 ; Sterling, Windle, Filion, Touma, & Eisenberg, 2016 ).

Taking the nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, cytisine, appears to improve the chances of success at least as much as single-form NRT and probably more (Cahill et al., 2016 ). Cytisine often causes nausea. No serious adverse reactions have been reported to date (Cahill et al., 2016 ). Where it is licensed for sale, cytisine is less than 1/10th the cost of other smoking cessation medications (Cahill et al., 2016 ).

Behavioural support

There is good evidence that behavioural interventions of many kinds, delivered though several modalities can help smokers to stop. Thus, behavioural support (encouragement, advice and discussion) from a trained stop-smoking specialist, provided at least weekly until at least 4 weeks following the target quit date can increase the chances of long-term success of a quit attempt by about 3–7 percentage points, whether it is given by phone or face-to-face (Lancaster & Stead, 2005 ). Group behavioural support (specialist-led groups of smokers stopping together and engaging in a structured discussion about their experiences), involving at least weekly sessions lasting until at least 4 weeks after the target quit date can increase the chances of success of a quit attempt by a similar amount or possibly more than individual support (Stead & Lancaster, 2005 ). Scheduled, multi-session telephone support can improve rates of success at stopping smoking by a broadly similar amount (Stead, Hartmann-Boyce, Perera, & Lancaster, 2013 ) but some large studies have failed to detect an effect so contextual factors and/or the precise type of support could be crucial to success. The effects of behavioural support and medication/NRT on success at stopping smoking appear to combine roughly additively (Stead, Koilpillai, & Lancaster, 2015 ). Smoking cessation support appears to be effective in primary care, secondary care and worksite settings (Cahill & Lancaster, 2014 ; West et al., 2015 ). Financial incentives, in the form of vouchers, have been found to increase smoking cessation rates for as long as they are in place (Cahill, Hartmann-Boyce, & Perera, 2015 ; Higgins & Solomon, 2016 ). Printed self-help materials can improve the chances of success at stopping long term by around 1–2 percentage points (Hartmann-Boyce, Lancaster, & Stead, 2014 ).

There is still relatively limited evidence on the effectiveness of digital support interventions for smoking cessation. Thus, while there is evidence that tailored, interactive websites can improve the chances of success at stopping smoking compared with no support, brief written materials or static information websites, many of those tested have not been found to be effective and it is not clear what differentiates those that are effective from those that are not (Graham et al., 2016 ). Text messaging programmes have been found to increase the chances of success of quit attempts by about 2–7 percentage points (Whittaker, McRobbie, Bullen, Rodgers, & Gu, 2016 ). There is currently insufficient evidence to know whether smartphone applications can improve success rates of quit attempts, although preliminary data suggest that they might (Whittaker et al., 2016 ). Evidence on alternative and complementary therapies is not sufficient to make confident statements about their effectiveness as aids to smoking cessation (Barnes et al., 2010 ; White, Rampes, Liu, Stead, & Campbell, 2014 ).

Overall, the highest smoking cessation rates appear to be achieved using specialist face-to-face behavioural support together with either varenicline or dual form NRT. With this support, continuous abstinence rates up to 52 weeks, verified by expired-air carbon monoxide tests, of more than 40% have been achieved (Kralikova et al., 2013 ). More commonly, 52-week continuous abstinence rates with this treatment are between 15 and 25% (West et al., 2015 ).

Smoking cessation support for pregnant smokers

In pregnant smokers, there is some evidence that NRT can help promote smoking cessation but evidence for an effect sustained to end of pregnancy is not conclusive (Sterling et al., 2016 ). There is also evidence that written self-help materials and face-to-face behavioural support can aid smoking cessation (Jones, Lewis, Parrott, Wormall, & Coleman, 2016 ), and financial incentives have also been found to improve quitting rates among pregnant smokers (Tappin et al., 2015 ). Almost half of women who stop smoking during pregnancy as a result of a clinical intervention relapse to smoking within 6 months of the birth (Jones et al., 2016 ).

Effectiveness of programmes to reduce smoking uptake

School-based programmes that involve both social competence training and peer-led social influence have been found to reduce smoking uptake (Georgie, Sean, Deborah, Matthew, & Rona, 2016 ) but educational programmes have not (Thomas, McLellan, & Perera, 2013 ). Mass media campaigns and increasing the financial cost of smoking reduce smoking uptake (Brinn, Carson, Esterman, Chang, & Smith, 2012 ; van Hasselt et al., 2015 ).

Reducing the harm from tobacco and nicotine use

Smokers who report that they are reducing their cigarette consumption smoke only 1–2 fewer cigarettes per day on average than when they say they are not (Beard et al., 2013 ). Clinical trials have found that use of NRT while smoking can substantially reduce cigarette consumption compared with placebo (Royal College of Physicians, 2016 ) but national surveys show very little reduction in cigarette consumption when smokers take up use of NRT in real-world settings (Beard et al., 2013 ). The benefit from using NRT while continuing to smoke appears to be in promoting subsequent smoking cessation. Using NRT (or varenicline) to reduce cigarette smoking with no immediate plans to quit leads to increased rates of quitting subsequently (Wu, Sun, He, & Zeng, 2015 ).

‘Snus’, a form of tobacco that is placed between the gums and the cheek and which is prepared in a way that is very low in carcinogens, gives high doses of nicotine but without evidence of an increase in risk of major tobacco-related cancers and either no, or a small, increase in risk of heart disease. It does appear to increase risk of periodontal disease, however. Snus is very popular in Sweden. Sweden has very low rates of smoking and tobacco-related disease indicating that a form of nicotine intake other than smoking can become popular and suggesting that this can contribute to a substantial reduction in tobacco-related harm (Royal College of Physicians, 2016 ).

The introduction of complete bans on smoking in indoor public areas can also be considered as a harm reduction measure. In this case, the main issue is harm to non-tobacco users. The evidence shows that such bans have been rapidly followed in the UK and several other jurisdictions by a reduction in heart attacks in non-smokers (Action on Smoking and Health, 2014a ).

Conclusions

Tobacco smoking causes death and disability on a huge scale and only about half of smokers report enjoying it. Despite this, approximately 1 billion adults engage in this behaviour worldwide and only around 5% of unaided quit attempts succeed for 6 months or more. The main reason appears to be that cigarettes deliver nicotine rapidly to the brain in a form that is convenient, and palatable. Nicotine acts on the brain to create urges to smoke in situations where smoking would normally occur and when brain nicotine levels become depleted. Concern about the harm from, and financial cost of, smoking are mostly not sufficient to counter this.

Governments can reduce smoking prevalence by raising the cost of smoking through taxation, mounting sustained social marketing campaigns, ensuring that health professionals routinely advise smokers to stop and offer support for quitting, and make available pharmacological and behavioural support for stopping.

Statement of competing interests

RW has, within the past 3 years, undertaken research and consultancy for companies that develop and manufacture smoking cessation medications (Pfizer, GSK, and J&J). He is an unpaid advisor to the UK’s National Centre for Smoking cessation and Training. His salary is funded by Cancer Research UK.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

This work was supported by Cancer Research UK [grant number C1417/A22962].

Action on Smoking and Health (2013). Smoking and reproduction . London: ASH; Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_112.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Action on Smoking and Health (2014a). Secondhand smoke . London: ASH; Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_113.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Action on Smoking and Health (2014b). What’s in a cigarette? London: ASH; Available from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_117.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Action on Smoking and Health (2015a). Illicit trade in tobacco . London: ASH; Available from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_122.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Action on Smoking and Health (2015b). Young people and smoking . London: ASH; Retrieve from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_108.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Action on Smoking and Health (2016a). Smoking and mental health . London: ASH; Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_120.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Action on Smoking and Health (2016b). Smoking statistics: Illness and death . London: ASH; Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_107.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Action on Smoking and Health (2016c). Smoking statistics: Who smokes and how much? London: ASH; Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_106.pdf [ Google Scholar ]
Anthenelli R. M., Benowitz N. L., West R., St Aubin L., McRae T., Lawrence D., & Evins A. E. (2016). Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial . The Lancet , , 2507–2520. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30272-0 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015). National health survey . Canberra: Author. [ Google Scholar ]
Aveyard P., Begh R., Parsons A., & West R. (2012). Brief opportunistic smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare advice to quit and offer of assistance . Addiction , , 1066–1073. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03770.x [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Bala M. M., Strzeszynski L., Topor-Madry R., & Cahill K (2013). Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd004704. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004704.pub3 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Barnes J., Dong C. Y., McRobbie H., Walker N., Mehta M., & Stead L. F. (2010). Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd001008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001008.pub2 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Beard E., McNeill A., Aveyard P., Fidler J., Michie S., & West R. (2013). Association between use of nicotine replacement therapy for harm reduction and smoking cessation: A prospective study of English smokers . Tobacco Control , , 118–122. 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050007 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Benowitz N. L. (1997). The role of nicotine in smoking-related cardiovascular disease . Preventive Medicine , , 412–417. 10.1006/pmed.1997.0175 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Benowitz N. L. (1998). Nicotine safety and toxicity . Oxford: Oxford University Press. [ Google Scholar ]
Brinn M. P., Carson K. V., Esterman A. J., Chang A. B., & Smith B. J. (2012). Cochrane review: Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people . Evidence-based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal , , 86–144. 10.1002/ebch.v7.1 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Cahill K., Hartmann-Boyce J., & Perera R (2015). Incentives for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd004307. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004307.pub5 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Cahill K., & Lancaster T (2014). Workplace interventions for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd003440. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003440.pub4 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Cahill K., Lindson-Hawley N., Thomas K. H., Fanshawe T. R., & Lancaster T (2016). Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd006103. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub7 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Critchley J., & Unal B. (2003). Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: A systematic review . Thorax , , 435–443. 10.1136/thorax.58.5.435 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Dierker L., He J., Kalaydjian A., Swendsen J., Degenhardt L., Glantz M., & Merikangas K. (2008). The importance of timing of transitions for risk of regular smoking and nicotine dependence . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , , 87–92. doi: 10.1007/s12160-008-9051-x [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Doll R., Peto R., Boreham J., & Sutherland I. (2004). Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors . British Medical Journal , , 1519. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Eriksen M., Mackay J., & Ross H (2013). The tobacco atlas . New York, NY: American Cancer Society. [ Google Scholar ]
Ferri C. P., West R., Moriyama T. S., Acosta D., Guerra M., Huang Y., … Prince M. J. (2011). Tobacco use and dementia: Evidence from the 1066 dementia population-based surveys in Latin America, China and India . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , , 1177–1185. doi: 10.1002/gps.2661 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Fidler J., Shahab L., & West R. (2011). Strength of urges to smoke as a measure of severity of cigarette dependence: Comparison with the fagerström test for nicotine dependence and its components . Addiction , , 631–638. 10.1111/add.2011.106.issue-3 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Fidler J., & West R. (2009). Self-perceived smoking motives and their correlates in a general population sample . Nicotine & Tobacco Research , , 1182–1188. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntp120 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Fidler J., & West R. (2011). Enjoyment of smoking and urges to smoke as predictors of attempts and success of attempts to stop smoking: A longitudinal study . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , , 30–34. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.009 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Georgie J. M., Sean H., Deborah M. C., Matthew H., & Rona C. (2016). Peer-led interventions to prevent tobacco, alcohol and/or drug use among young people aged 11–21 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Addiction , , 391–407. doi: 10.1111/add.13224 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Gowing L. R., Ali R. L., Allsop S., Marsden J., Turf E. E., West R., & Witton J. (2015). Global statistics on addictive behaviours: 2014 status report . Addiction , , 904–919. doi: 10.1111/add.12899 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Graham A. L., Carpenter K. M., Cha S., Cole S., Jacobs M. A., Raskob M., & Cole-Lewis H. (2016). Systematic review and meta-analysis of internet interventions for smoking cessation among adults . Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation , , 55–69. doi: 10.2147/sar.s101660 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Hartmann-Boyce J., Lancaster T., & Stead L. F (2014). Print-based self-help interventions for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd001118. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001118.pub3 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Higgins S. T., & Solomon L. J. (2016). Some recent developments on financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum women . Current Addiction Reports , , 9–18. doi: 10.1007/s40429-016-0092-0 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Hoffman S. J., & Tan C. (2015). Overview of systematic reviews on the health-related effects of government tobacco control policies . BMC Public Health , , 744. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2041-6 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Hogg R. C. (2016). Contribution of monoamine oxidase inhibition to tobacco dependence: A review of the evidence . Nicotine & Tobacco Research , , 509–523. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv245 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Hughes J. R., Keely J., & Naud S. (2004). Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among untreated smokers . Addiction , , 29–38. 10.1111/add.2004.99.issue-1 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Hughes J. R., Stead L. F., Hartmann-Boyce J., Cahill K., & Lancaster T (2014). Antidepressants for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd000031. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000031.pub4 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Jamal A. (2016). Current cigarette smoking among adults – United States, 2005–2015 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , , 1205–1211 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
Jamal A., Homa D., O’Connor E., Babb S., Caraballo R., Singh T., & King B. (2015). Current cigarette smoking among adults – United States, 2005–2014 . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , , 1233–1240. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6444a2 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Jarvis M. J., Giovino G. A., O’Connor R. J., Kozlowski L. T., & Bernert J. T. (2014). Variation in nicotine intake among U.S. cigarette smokers during the past 25 years: Evidence from NHANES surveys . Nicotine & Tobacco Research , , 1620–1628. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu120 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Jha P., & Peto R. (2014). Global effects of smoking, of quitting, and of taxing tobacco . New England Journal of Medicine , , 60–68. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1308383 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Jones M., Lewis S., Parrott S., Wormall S., & Coleman T. (2016). Re-starting smoking in the postpartum period after receiving a smoking cessation intervention: A systematic review . Addiction , , 981–990. doi: 10.1111/add.13309 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Joossens L., & Raw M. (2003). Turning off the tap: The real solution to cigarette smuggling . International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease , , 214–222. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
Kotz D., Brown J., & West R. (2014a). Prospective cohort study of the effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments used in the “real world” . Mayo Clinic Proceedings , , 1360–1367. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.004 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Kotz D., Brown J., & West R. (2014b). ‘Real-world’ effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments: A population study . Addiction , , 491–499. doi: 10.1111/add.12429 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Kozlowski L. T., Porter C. Q., Orleans C. T., Pope M. A., & Heatherton T. (1994). Predicting smoking cessation with self-reported measures of nicotine dependence: FTQ, FTND, and HSI . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , , 211–216. 10.1016/0376-8716(94)90158-9 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Kralikova E., Kmetova A., Stepankova L., Zvolska K., Davis R., & West R. (2013). Fifty-two-week continuous abstinence rates of smokers being treated with varenicline versus nicotine replacement therapy . Addiction , , 1497–1502. doi: 10.1111/add.12219 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Lancaster T., & Stead L. F (2005). Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd001292. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001292.pub2 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Levy D. T., Huang A. T., Havumaki J. S., & Meza R. (2016). The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence: Results from the Michigan SimSmoke tobacco policy simulation model . Cancer Causes and Control , , 615–625. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0735-4 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Lindson-Hawley N., Banting M., West R., Michie S., Shinkins B., & Aveyard P. (2016). Gradual versus abrupt smoking cessation: A randomized, controlled noninferiority trial . Annals of Internal Medicine , , 585–592. doi: 10.7326/m14-2805 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
McNeill A., Brose L., Calder R., Hitchman S., Hajek P., & McRobbie H. (2015). E-cigarettes: An evidence update. A report commissioned by Public Health England . London: Public Health England. [ Google Scholar ]
Noar S. M., Francis D. B., Bridges C., Sontag J. M., Ribisl K. M., & Brewer N. T. (2016). The impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings: Systematic review of longitudinal observational studies . Social Science & Medicine , , 118–129. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.011 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Office of National Satistics (2016). Smoking prevalence in Great Britain . London: ONS; Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/drugusealcoholandsmoking/datasets/adultsmokinghabitsingreatbritain [ Google Scholar ]
Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Psychiatrists (2013). Smoking and mental health . London: RCP. [ Google Scholar ]
Pirie K., Peto R., Reeves G. K., Green J., & Beral V. (2013). The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: A prospective study of one million women in the UK . Lancet , , 133–141. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61720-6 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Royal College of Physicians. (2016). Nicotine without smoke: Tobacco harm reduction . London: RCP. [ Google Scholar ]
Schepis T. S., & Rao U. (2005). Epidemiology and etiology of adolescent smoking . Current Opinion in Pediatrics , , 607–612. 10.1097/01.mop.0000176442.49743.31 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Shahab L., & West R. (2009). Do ex-smokers report feeling happier following cessation? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey . Nicotine & Tobacco Research , , 553–557. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntp031 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Shahab L., & West R. (2012). Differences in happiness between smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers: cross-sectional findings from a national household survey . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , , 38–44. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.011 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Stapleton J. A., & West R. (2012). A direct method and ICER tables for the estimation of the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in general populations: application to a new cytisine trial and other examples . Nicotine & Tobacco Research , , 463–471. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr236 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Stead L. F., Buitrago D., Preciado N., Sanchez G., Hartmann-Boyce J., & Lancaster T (2013). Physician advice for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd000165. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000165.pub4 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Stead L. F., Hartmann-Boyce J., Perera R., & Lancaster T (2013). Telephone counselling for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd002850. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002850.pub3 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Stead L. F., Koilpillai P., & Lancaster T (2015). Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd009670. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009670.pub3 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Stead L. F., & Lancaster T (2005). Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd001007. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001007.pub2 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Stead L. F., Perera R., Bullen C., Mant D., Hartmann-Boyce J., Cahill K., & Lancaster T. (2012). Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd000146. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub4 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Sterling L. H., Windle S. B., Filion K. B., Touma L., & Eisenberg M. J. (2016). Varenicline and adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Journal of the American Heart Association , , doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002849 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Talati A., Keyes K., & Hasin D. (2016). Changing relationships between smoking and psychiatric disorders across twentieth century birth cohorts: Clinical and research implications . Molecular Psychiatry , , 464–471. doi: 10.1038/mp.2015.224 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Talip T., Murang Z., Kifli N., & Naing L. (2016). Systematic review of smoking initiation among Asian Adolescents, 2005–2015: Utilizing the frameworks of triadic influence and planned behavior . Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention , , 3341–3355. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
Tappin D., Bauld L., Purves D., Boyd K., Sinclair L., MacAskill S., & Coleman T. (2015). Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy: Randomised controlled trial . British Medical Journal , , h134. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h134 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Thomas R. E., McLellan J., & Perera R. (2013). School-based programmes for preventing smoking . Evidence-based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal , , 1616–2040. 10.1002/ebch.v8.5 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
US Department of Health and Human Services (2004). The health consequences of smoking: a report of the surgeon general (p. 62). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. [ Google Scholar ]
US Department of Health Human Services (2014). The health consequences of smoking – 50 years of progress: A report of the surgeon general (p. 17). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. [ Google Scholar ]
US Surgeon General. (1990). The health benefits of smoking cessation . Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services. [ Google Scholar ]
Ussher M., Brown J., Rajamanoharan A., & West R. (2014). How do prompts for attempts to quit smoking relate to method of quitting and quit success? Annals of Behavioral Medicine , , 358–368. doi: 10.1007/s12160-013-9545-z [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
van Hasselt M., Kruger J., Han B., Caraballo R. S., Penne M. A., Loomis B., & Gfroerer J. C. (2015). The relation between tobacco taxes and youth and young adult smoking: What happened following the 2009 US federal tax increase on cigarettes? Addictive Behaviors , , 104–109. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.023 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Vangeli E., Stapleton J., Smit E. S., Borland R., & West R. (2011). Predictors of attempts to stop smoking and their success in adult general population samples: A systematic review . Addiction , , 2110–2121. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03565.x [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Vink J. M., Willemsen G., & Boomsma D. I. (2005). Heritability of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence . Behavior Genetics , , 397–406. doi: 10.1007/s10519-004-1327-8 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
West R. (2009). The multiple facets of cigarette addiction and what they mean for encouraging and helping smokers to stop . Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , , 277–283. 10.1080/15412550903049181 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
West R., Baker C. L., Cappelleri J. C., & Bushmakin A. G. (2008). Effect of varenicline and bupropion SR on craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and rewarding effects of smoking during a quit attempt . Psychopharmacology (Berl) , , 371–377. doi: 10.1007/s00213-007-1041-3 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
West R., & Brown J. (2015). Smoking in England 2007–2014 . Retrieved from www.smokinginengland.info/latest-statistics/ [ Google Scholar ]
West R., Raw M., McNeill A., Stead L., Aveyard P., Bitton J., & Borland R. (2015). Health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: A review of efficacy, effectiveness and affordability for use in national guideline development . Addiction , , 1388–1403. doi: 10.1111/add.12998 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
West R., & Shiffman S (2016). Smoking cessation (3rd ed.). Abingdon: Health Press. [ Google Scholar ]
White A. R., Rampes H., Liu J. P., Stead L.F., & Campbell J (2014). Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd000009. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000009.pub4 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Whittaker R., McRobbie H., Bullen C., Rodgers A., & Gu Y. (2016). Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , , Cd006611. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006611.pub4 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
World Health Organization (2013). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013: enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship . Geneva: WHO. [ Google Scholar ]
Wu L., Sun S., He Y., & Zeng J. (2015). Effect of smoking reduction therapy on smoking cessation for smokers without an intention to quit: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , , 10235–10253. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120910235 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Zhou X., Nonnemaker J., Sherrill B., Gilsenan A. W., Coste F., & West R. (2009). Attempts to quit smoking and relapse: Factors associated with success or failure from the ATTEMPT cohort study . Addictive Behaviors , , 365–373. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.11.013 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]

Smoking Essay & Paragraph

Smoking and chewing tobacco products have been practiced in many parts of the world since ancient times. But everyone knows that it is harmful to health. In particular, 8 million people worldwide die prematurely every year due to smoking. Therefore, it is very important to create awareness among the people to refrain from chewing tobacco and smoking. Informative essays and paragraphs on smoking shared here can be useful for readers and help students and examinees in writing their compositions.

Table of Contents

Essay on Smoking & Tobacco, 500 Words

By: Haque , For class 9-10/SSC, 08-01-’22

Points of synopsis:

An ancient practice.
Smoking came in vogue in Europe in the 16th century after the discovery of America.
It is now not merely a fashion but a fact of modern life.
Evils of smoking — extremely injurious to health.
It is also a wasteful practice that involves at least 5% of the total national dividend of an advanced country like the USA.

Tobacco chewing has been practiced in many parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, since ancient times. But smoking started on a larger scale after the discovery of America by Columbus, i.e. early 16th century. Experts say that the word tobacco has come from the name of Tobago Island, in the West Indies, where tobacco is largely cultivated. The word ‘nicotine’, that harmful chemical which tobacco contains in a large percentage, has taken its name from the then French minister of the same name. Whatever that may be, tobacco addiction is now a widespread fashion all over the world.

There are, of course, many apologists for tobacco smoking. They say that for releasing tense nerves, tobacco is certainly a good solvent. Pursuing this mistaken notion many tender-aged boys, even girls, take to smoking. Some literature are of opinion that by supplying the fume of tobacco to the brain through smoking one can recruit one’s ideas better and produce excellent literature. In this way, misguided students smoke hard before examinations in the hope of putting up an excellent performance in answer papers. According to some others, tobacco smoking is only a diversion and consolation for the poor and hardworking laborers.

Medical men and researchers are unanimous in condemning tobacco smoking. Along with nicotine by lightening cigarette or any variant of it, one inhales poisonous chemicals that definitely and invariably shorten one’s longevity. Tobacco is nothing short of venom to these people who suffer from asthma or other respiratory ailments. About 10% of the population of the world die before their time due to tobacco smoking. Nicotine and other harmful compounds generate fatal diseases like lung cancer, blood pressure, acidity, stomach ulcer, and various other intractable ailments. By smoking five cigarettes every day one deducts five years from one’s usual span of life. Even those who are forced to smell tobacco while sitting nearby the smoker, suffer as passive smokers from fatal diseases. In short, there is nothing in a cigarette to commend it for acceptance. Yet young people are found pressing cigarettes between their lips just to look smart. According to the World Health Organization, more than 8 million people worldwide die each year as a result of tobacco use. About 8 million people die every year directly or indirectly for smoking.

It has been already said that a large number of deaths are accounted for by reckless smoking. It is no plea that some chain-smokers have not suffered from cancer. Smoking was considered by our forefathers as a kind of sin. They are justified in one sense; for it is like the path of sin that is always slippery. The vogue of tobacco often leads to alcoholic and even more fatal drug habits. Besides, tobacco smoking is nowadays a very expensive habit and, once started, it is very difficult to give up the practice. One may take the vow like Mark Twain, the American literateur of last century, who took twenty oaths a day of not to smoke and broke each of them. Thus his oath lasted only for the time between the end of one and the lightening of the next cigarette. For once tobacco smoking is taken up, it gets into the blood and it becomes difficult to get out of the addiction. So, it is always better not to start it like prevention that is always better than cure.

Related Post: Physical Exercise Essay & Paragraph

Essay on Smoking: Causes, Dangers & How to Prevent it

By: Haque , Words: 480, For class 9-10/SSC

Introduction: Smoking is one of the most injurious habits. Nowadays smoking is common all over the world. This habit has been found to spread among people of all ages over the decades.

Dangers of Smoking: Smoking can cause serious health hazards. Tobacco has injurious substances including nicotine. When somebody smokes, nicotine enters into his lungs and gets mixed with his blood. Then it spreads throughout the whole body through blood circulation. Smoking cigarettes can cause serious harm to one’s lungs and larynx. It is the main cause of lung cancer. It also causes diseases like asthma, bronchitis, gastric, ulcer, and heart disease. Smoking can harm not only the person smoking cigarettes but also the people around him. The smoke released by a smoker is inhaled by people in close proximity. It is called passive smoking. Passive smoking is no less harmful than active smoking and all the dangers of smoke are also associated with passive smoking.

Reasons for Smoking: There are some intoxicating materials like nicotine in tobacco. They cause addiction. People get attracted (Stef) to tobacco smoking in different ways. First of all, advertisements by tobacco companies attract people to tobacco smoking. Secondly, smoking by actors and actresses in movies, dramas, and TV programs also attracts people to smoke. They consider smoking as a matter of smartness. Thirdly, youths and youngsters smoke being influenced by the evil company. Usually, it starts out of curiosity and then becomes a lasting habit. Lastly, children are also influenced by their smoker parents. They form acceptance of smoking in their mind and do not consider it as something harmful.

How to Stop Smoking: Smoking has been accepted as a harmful habit by governments worldwide. Many preventive measures have been undertaken in this respect by countries all over the world. Such measures include:

Banning cigarette smoking in public spaces like bus stations, railway stations, subway stations, market places, museums, Zoos, auditoriums, etc., and on public transports such as buses, trains, launches, steamers, ships, etc.
Restricting buying and selling of cigarettes publicly. Also banning the sale of cigarettes to minors.
In Bangladesh the government has enacted laws banning the advertisement of cigarettes, buying and selling cigarettes publicly, and smoking cigarettes in public places. The government has also imposed fines and penalties for the violation of these laws.
The government has also passed laws requiring cigarette companies to print warning signs on the packets of cigarettes.

What else is needed is a greater degree of awareness among people and a strong will to stop smoking. Besides, censorship should be imposed on TV programs, dramas, and movies having scenes of smoking.

Conclusion: There is no doubt that the habit of smoking can cause great harm to a person. It is harmful not only to him but also to his family and the people around him. So, everybody should try seriously to avoid smoking.

Related Post: My Favorite Food Essay & Paragraph

A Paragraph on the Dangers of Smoking, 200 Words

By: Haque , For class 9-12, 07-01-’22

Smoking is a bad habit without any doubt. There are many harmful effects of this bad habit. The most dangerous effect is that it causes serious health hazards. A smoker increases the risk of being attacked with heart attack, stroke, and cancer. He usually suffers from various kinds of respiratory diseases like bronchitis, asthma, and coughing. A smoker can not enjoy a fresh breath. A bad smell comes out of his mouth that causes serious irritation to the non-smokers. Non-smokers are also harmed by a smoker when he smokes before them. It is an irony that despite knowing the bad effects of smoking, people smoke. A precautionary slogan ‘smoking is harmful to health’ is written on the cigarette packet. But smokers are unaware of it. In fact, smoking is a serious addiction. It becomes very difficult to give up this habit if someone is addicted to it. So it is better not to get habituated. Recently Government has taken some steps to discourage smoking and protect non-smokers from being affected by smokers. A law has been passed to ban smoking in public places. It is true that this effort is not sufficient to prevent people from smoking. It is necessary to raise a social campaign against smoking and make people aware of the danger of smoking.

Check also: Fruits of Bangladesh Essay & Paragraph

Smoking Paragraph, 150 Words

By: Haque , For class 7-8, 07-01-’22

Smoking is one of the most injurious habits. Nowadays smoking is common all over the world. This habit has been found to spread among people of all ages over the decades. Smoking can cause serious health hazards. Tobacco has injurious substances including nicotine. When somebody smokes, nicotine enters into his lungs and gets mixed with his blood. Then it spreads throughout the whole body through blood circulation. Smoking of cigarettes can cause serious harm to one’s lungs and larynx. It is the main cause of lung cancer. It also causes diseases like asthma, bronchitis, gastric, ulcer, and heart disease. Smoking can harm not only the person smoking cigarettes but also the people around him. The smoke released by a smoker is inhaled by people in close proximity. It is called passive smoking. Passive smoking is no less harmful than active smoking and all the dangers of smoke are also associated with passive smoking.

Smoking Essay : Causes, Harms and Ways to Quit

By: Haque | 400 Words

Introduction: Smoking is a dangerous habit that affects not only the smoker, but also those around them. It is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide and is linked to a variety of health problems, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illness. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why people start smoking, the harms of smoking, and ways to quit smoking.

Reasons for Starting to Smoke: There are many reasons why people start smoking. For some, it is peer pressure or the desire to fit in with a certain group. For others, it is a way to cope with stress or to feel more confident in social situations. Nicotine, the addictive substance in cigarettes, can also be a powerful lure for those who are looking for a quick and easy way to feel good.

Harms of Smoking: The harms of smoking are well-documented and extensive. Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer, and it also increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other serious health problems. It can also cause damage to the respiratory system, leading to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Secondhand smoke is also a serious concern, as it can cause health problems in those around the smoker, including lung cancer and respiratory illness.

Ways to Quit Smoking: Quitting smoking can be difficult, but it is possible with the right tools and support. Some people choose to quit cold turkey, while others prefer to gradually reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day. Nicotine replacement therapy, such as gum or patches, can also be helpful in managing withdrawal symptoms. Medications, such as bupropion and varenicline, can also be prescribed to help with smoking cessation.

Counseling and support groups can also be very beneficial, as they provide a safe and supportive environment for smokers who are trying to quit. Additionally, setting a quit date and having a plan in place can make it easier to quit smoking.

Conclusion: Smoking is a dangerous habit that can have serious health consequences. However, with the right tools and support, it is possible to quit smoking and improve overall health. It’s important to understand the reasons why people start smoking, the harms that it causes and the various ways to quit smoking. We all should make a conscious effort to quit smoking and lead a healthy life.

Check out 300+ English Essays & Paragraphs

About the Author

A teacher, writer and blogger, started allparagraph noting students search online for paragraphs on various topics, short and simple essays , edifying stories and other materials of study . In composing these lessons we have tried to use as simple language as possible, keeping young students in mind. If you find any text inappropriate, please let us know so we can make it more useful through necessary corrections and modifications. Thank you!

Adblock Detected!

Please help us run the website by disabling your ad blocker..

On Why One Should Stop Smoking Essay (Speech)

Introduction.

Credibility material: how do you really feel when some of the problems you or your relative or even friends face due to smoking? And is it possible to stop smoking after you have been told that smoking will definitely give you serious health problems? Well, I had a friend who became a chain smoker. He used to wake and the first thing that went into his mouth was a cigarette stick, then any other thing will follow thereafter. My friend had been experiencing persistent coughs that made him suspect he might have contracted HIV virus yet he had not yet spent with a woman. But he went for HIV test which proved negative. He continued smoking as he sought out the cough issue in his own ways. One day he became very ill and the cough became even worse. As a friend I accompanied him to a local hospital where he was diagnosed with cancer. The doctor’s advice was that he should stop smoking; however, he never adhered to the doctor’s advice and later died of serious cancer. That was a sad event caused by what could be avoided.

Link to the audience: one of the people who have suffered health complications or death as a result of smoking may be somebody close to you or someone you know.
Thesis and preview: today I am privileged to have your audience and I intend to talk to you about the effects of smoking, and also I propose to give a talk on how to solve the problem of smoking.

Shift into the main section of the speech: I will begin by telling you how smoking affects us.

So many people around the world have suffered the effects of smoking. I will talk about these effects in terms of health and financial effects.

Research has found out that non-smokers are also exposed to dangers related to smoking. It can lead to increased effects of asthma on those who already have asthma, especially children. Taking for instance, available statistics indicate that in the United States of America alone, 53,000 non-smokers are killed by issues related to smoking (San Francisco Tobacco Free Project para1).
To those who have coronary diseases, second hand smoking increases the risk of the disease and can make it severe. Moreover, those who have high risk factors of the disease can easily be attacked when exposed to smoking environment for long.
Imagine that being exposed to second hand smoke for only thirty minutes is enough to cause damages to your heart and the damages are just similar to those of an actual or habitual smoker.
Smoking also affects the unborn: the fetus is affected by secondary smoke inhaled by the mother.
In women who are young and have not reached menopause, secondary smoke increases the risk of breast cancer.
Other effects are impaired learning ability of children, increased risk of experiencing spinal pain, and reduced median cotinine levels (Bonnie pp.5-21).Transition: I believe that you can now realize that smoking does not only affect the smoker, but even the non-smokers and the unborn. The problems related to smoking affects all of us, but the smokers are more exposed than non-smokers even though in some of the problems both groups suffer are just the same. Now I will tell you about the risks smokers directly face.

Habitual smokers are exposed to:

Habitual smokers are at a very high risk of cancer. It has been known that smoking is one of the leading causes of cancer. Taking the case of United Kingdom alone, approximately 106, 000 individuals die annually due to smoke related cancer.
Some of the diseases caused and or worsened by smoking include, lung cancer, diseases of the heart, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and also circulation problems.
To pregnant women, smoking is highly likely to cause miscarriages, complications, poor development of the child which may continue after birth and it may also result into still birth or death of the child in the first one week of birth (Litt 29).
Smoking also has economic and other effects on smokers. Smokers, especially heavy chain smokers, use a lot of money as cigarette expenditures. Some of other effects of smoking include, bad breath, clothes and home environment smell stale tobacco, reduces sense of taste, life insurance of smokers are damn expensive and potential employers may not like smokers due to the possibility of constant seek leave.Transition: you can see how much risk smokers are exposed to. It is important to note that these risks can potentially result into deaths. However, it is possible to avoid all these smoking related problems. Now, my last discussion will be on how to solve the problem of smoking.

The only effective way in solving the problem is to stop smoking. But the question somebody may be asking is, “How do I stop smoking?” I will give some ways on how to do so:

Will power is one of the ways to use in solving the problems but the most difficult of all other ways. One should have the courage and have undying persistence on quitting smoking.
Use nicotine-based chewing gum; even though they still contain nicotine, however, the victim under treatment is not getting the tar into the body system.
Use anti-depressants under a medical doctor’s guide.
It is important to stop smoking once diagnosed with problems related with smoking
Another way to stop smoking is to seek the intervention of a counselor who will guide you on gradual processes of stopping smoking.
Non-smokers, especially with risky diseases, should avoid smoking environments (Acts 50).

Brakelight/intention to stop: as you can realize, stopping smoking and campaigning against it will be beneficial to all of us.

Summary: I have talked to you about the effects of smoking on both habitual smokers and non-smokers and also on how the problems can be stopped or avoided. All of us must rise up and campaign against smokers or else we will gradually be affected and infected.

Link back to the audience: now that you know the effects of smoking and how to solve it will you help somebody stop smoking? How happy will you be or satisfied will you feel if someone is to come to thank you for helping him or her stop smoking? Let us take the challenge.

Concluding remark: I am going to stop here, but not before I give you a quote by somebody known as Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland. “A cigarette is the only consumer product which when used as directed kills its consumer.”

Acts, Humbler. How to Stop Smoking in 50 Days . New York: Bookway International Services, 2001.

Bonnie, Richard. Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation . New York: National Academies Press, 2007.

Litt, Iris. Taking our pulse: The health of America’s women . New York: Stanford University Press, 1997.

San Francisco Tobacco Free Project. “Untitled.” 2010.

Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2022, August 25). On Why One Should Stop Smoking. https://ivypanda.com/essays/no-smoking-persuasive-speech/

"On Why One Should Stop Smoking." IvyPanda , 25 Aug. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/no-smoking-persuasive-speech/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'On Why One Should Stop Smoking'. 25 August.

IvyPanda . 2022. "On Why One Should Stop Smoking." August 25, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/no-smoking-persuasive-speech/.

1. IvyPanda . "On Why One Should Stop Smoking." August 25, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/no-smoking-persuasive-speech/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "On Why One Should Stop Smoking." August 25, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/no-smoking-persuasive-speech/.

Health Care Costs for Smokers
Ethical Problem of Smoking
Smoking Ban in the United States of America
Should Smoking Be Banned in Public Places?
Causes and Effects of Smoking
Conclusion of Smoking Should Be Banned on College Campuses Essay
Legislation Reform of Public Smoking
Ban Smoking in Cars
Business Ethics: Smoking Issue
Cigarette Smoking in Public Places
Online Discussion and Violence Program Evaluation
Rhetorical Analysis: Elements and Concepts
Rhetorical Analysis of Academic Communities
Che Guevara: The Speech Before the General Assembly of the UN
The Public Speeches by Kennedy, Mac Arthur and King

IMAGES

≫ How Smoking Affects You Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com
Teenage smoking essay
🌱 Speech about smoking. Persuasive Essay About Smoking (300 Words
Pin on essay
🌱 Stop smoking persuasive essay. Stop Smoking Persuasive Essay. 2022-10-10
Alcohol, Smoking and Drugs Free Essay Example

VIDEO

10 lines on smoking in hindi/dhumrapan per nibandh
Essay on smoking is injurious to health. essay on smoking
Essay on Smoking for students || Essay
Essay on smoking in public places should be banned || Essay writing in English|| essay writing
essay on smoking in english/dhumrapan per nibandh
PROFOUND MGS ANTI SMOKING MESSAGE???? (GONE WRONG) (2SMART4U)

COMMENTS

Essay on Smoking in English for Students
500 Words Essay On Smoking. One of the most common problems we are facing in today's world which is killing people is smoking. A lot of people pick up this habit because of stress, personal issues and more. In fact, some even begin showing it off. When someone smokes a cigarette, they not only hurt themselves but everyone around them.
235 Smoking Essay Topics & Titles for Smoking Essay + Examples
Smoking is a well-known source of harm yet popular regardless, and so smoking essays should cover various aspects of the topic to identify the reasons behind the trend. You will want to discuss the causes and effects of smoking and how they contributed to the persistent refusal of large parts of the population to abandon the habit, even if they ...
Essays About Smoking
Smoking Essay Smoking is a widespread habit that involves inhaling smoke from the burning of tobacco. It is a highly addictive habit that has numerous negative effects on the body, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues. Writing an essay on smoking can be a challenging task, but it is an important topic to discuss.
Examples & Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking
Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking. Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. It leads to adverse health effects, including lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the respiratory tract. However, the number of people who smoke cigarettes has been on the rise globally. A lot has been written on topics related ...
Smoking: Effects, Reasons and Solutions
This damages the blood vessels. Smoking can result in stroke and heart attacks since it hinders blood flow, interrupting oxygen to various parts of the body, such as feet and hands. Introduction of cigarettes with low tar does not reduce these effects since smokers often prefer deeper puffs and hold the smoke in lungs for a long period.
Tobacco Smoking and Its Dangers
Introduction. Tobacco use, including smoking, has become a universally recognized issue that endangers the health of the population of our entire planet through both active and second-hand smoking. Pro-tobacco arguments are next to non-existent, while its harm is well-documented and proven through past and contemporary studies (Jha et al., 2013).
Writing a Smoking Essay. Complete Actionable Guide
Whether you are writing a teenage smoking essay or a study of health-related issues, you need to stay objective and avoid including any judgment into your assignment. Even if you are firmly against smoking, do not let emotions direct your writing. You should also keep your language tolerant and free of offensive remarks or generalizations.
Argumentative Essay on Smoking Cigarettes
The dangers of smoking cigarettes have been well-documented, yet millions of people continue to engage in this harmful habit. The debate over the impact of smoking on public health is ongoing, with some arguing for stricter regulations and others advocating for personal freedom. In this essay, we will explore the various arguments surrounding smoking cigarettes and ultimately make the case for ...
Persuasive Essay About Smoking
A persuasive essay is written to convince your reader of a particular opinion, point of view, or stance. These essays typically use persuasive devices such as logical arguments and emotional appeals to make their point. The goal of persuasive essays about smoking is to convince your reader that smoking is dangerous and should be avoided.
10+ Top Persuasive essay about smoking examples
10 Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking Here are a few tips and tricks to make your persuasive essay about smoking stand out: 1. Do Your Research Before you start writing, make sure to do thorough research on the topic of smoking and its effects. Look for primary and secondary sources that provide valuable information about the issue.
Smoking
Smoking, the act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning plant material. A variety of plant materials are smoked, including marijuana and hashish, but the act is most commonly associated with tobacco as smoked in a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. Learn more about the history and effects of smoking in this article.
Smoking and Its Negative Effects on Human Beings Research Paper
These carcinogens cause cancer and negatively affect human health. Lung, throat, brain, bladder, cervical cancer as well as other forms are caused by smoking. The symptoms are often detected at the time when the smoker's health condition is already chronic. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death world wide.
Free Essays on Smoking, Examples, Topics, Outlines
Essays on Smoking. Essay-writers in each smoking essay emphasize the dangers of smoking, and fairly so. After all, smoking is one of the most widespread bad habits in the world - there are about 2 billion smokers worldwide. It is a detrimental habit, as cigarette smoke contains more than 30 toxic components - you can go into them one by one ...
1 Introduction, Summary, and Conclusions
Tobacco use is a global epidemic among young people. As with adults, it poses a serious health threat to youth and young adults in the United States and has significant implications for this nation's public and economic health in the future (Perry et al. 1994; Kessler 1995). The impact of cigarette smoking and other tobacco use on chronic disease, which accounts for 75% of American spending ...
Smoking: Effects, Risks, Diseases, Quitting & Solutions
Smoking is the practice of inhaling smoke from burning plant material. Nicotine works on your brain to create a relaxing, pleasurable feeling that makes it tough to quit. But smoking tobacco puts you at risk for cancer, stroke, heart attack, lung disease and other health issues. Nicotine replacements and lifestyle changes may help you quit.
Persuasive Essays About Smoking
Here are some examples about smoking that can provide inspiration for your writing: Persuasive speech on smoking outline. Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned. Persuasive essay about smoking pdf. Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress. Persuasive essay about smoking in public places. Speech about smoking is dangerous.
Smoking: Causes and Effects
Smoking: Causes and Effects Essay. Exclusively available on IvyPanda. Among numerous bad habits of modern society smoking seems to be of the greatest importance. Not only does it affect the person who smokes, but also those who are around him. Many people argue about the appropriate definition of smoking, whether it is a disease or just a bad ...
Why is smoking bad for you?
Smoking also damages the blood vessels, making them thicker and narrower. This makes it harder for blood to flow, and also increases blood pressure and heart rate. Smoking has links with the ...
Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and
Health impact of smoking. Table Table1 1 lists the main causes of death from smoking. Tobacco smoking is estimated to lead to the premature death of approximately 6 million people worldwide and 96,000 in the UK each year (Action on Smoking and Health, 2016b; World Health Organization, 2013).A 'premature death from smoking' is defined as a death from a smoking-related disease in an ...
Essay on Smoking for Students and Children in English 500 words
Smoking is a harmful habit that kills people and has negative effects on health, society, and the environment. This essay discusses the dangers of smoking, the methods to quit smoking, and the role of prevention in public places. It also provides a summary of the essay and 10 points to help students write their own essays.
Smoking: Problems and Solutions
One developed nation where the impacts of smoking are felt is Canada. CBPP (2013) reports that in Canada, 16.7% of the population smoke with the daily smokers, who consume an average of 13 cigarette sticks a day, being 13.1%. The highest percentage of smokers were found among the young adults aged between 20 and 24.
Smoking Essay & Paragraph » All Paragraph
Smoking Essay & Paragraph. Smoking and chewing tobacco products have been practiced in many parts of the world since ancient times. But everyone knows that it is harmful to health. In particular, 8 million people worldwide die prematurely every year due to smoking. Therefore, it is very important to create awareness among the people to refrain ...
On Why One Should Stop Smoking
One should have the courage and have undying persistence on quitting smoking. Use nicotine-based chewing gum; even though they still contain nicotine, however, the victim under treatment is not getting the tar into the body system. Use anti-depressants under a medical doctor's guide. It is important to stop smoking once diagnosed with ...

Essay on Smoking

Ill-Effects of Smoking

How to Quit Smoking?

Conclusion of the Essay on Smoking

FAQ of Essay on Smoking

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Download the App

Persuasive Essay About Smoking - Making a Powerful Argument with Examples

What You Need To Know About Persuasive Essay

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Choose a Specific Angle

Research the Facts

Make an Outline

Use Persuasive Language

Introduce Opposing Arguments

Finish Strong

Keep reading

How To Write A Smoking Essay That Will Blow Your Classmates out of the Water

Why Choose a Smoking Essay?

Essential Considerations for Your Essay on Smoking

How to Generate Endless Smoking Essay Topic Ideas

How To Write An Essay About Smoking Cigarettes

Smoking Essay Introduction

Smoking Essay Conclusion

Bonus Tips on How to Write a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Argumentative Essay on Smoking Cigarettes

Table of contents

Cite this Essay

Related Essays

Still can’t find what you need?

Related Essays on Nursing

Related Topics

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

Craft an Outstanding Persuasive Essay About Smoking with Our Examples and Tips

What is a Persuasive Essay?

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Start With an Engaging Introduction

Research is Key

Use Credible Resources

Construct Your Argument Logically

Be Creative

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good way to start a persuasive essay?

What are good topics for persuasive essays?

Was This Blog Helpful?

Craft an Engaging Persuasive Essay About Smoking: Examples & Tips

Persuasive Essay-Defined

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

10 Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Frequently Asked Questions

What are good topics for persuasive essays?

Keep reading

Essays on Smoking

Related topic to Smoking

Writing Persuasive Essays About Smoking? Use These Samples

What Is A Persuasive Essay?

Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

Tips For Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Frequently Asked Questions

What are good topics for persuasive essays?

Was This Blog Helpful?

Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions | Contact Us

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

Introduction

Definitions of smoking and smoking cessation

Health impact of smoking and the benefits of stopping

Health impact of smoking

Benefits of stopping smoking

Prevalence and patterns of smoking

Smoking patterns

Psychological, pharmacological and social factors involved in smoking and smoking cessation

Smoking initiation

Cigarette addiction